DESIGN AND INTERNAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF A DUCTED CONTRA-ROTATING
AXIAL FLOW FAN
Ali Mohammadi
Amirkabir University of Technology
Tehran, Iran
Masoud Boroomand
Amirkabir University of Technology
Tehran, Iran
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design procedure of a ducted contra-
rotating axial flow fan and investigates the flow behavior inside it
using ANSYS CFX-15 flow solver. This study investigates
parameters such as pressure ratio, inlet mass flow rate and
efficiency in different operating points. This system consists of
two rotors with an outer diameter of 434 mm and an inner
diameter of 260 mm which rotate contrary to each other with
independent nominal rotational speeds of 1300 rpm. Blades’
maximum thickness and rotational speeds of each rotor will be
altered as well as the axial distance between the two rotors to
investigate their effect on the overall performance of the system.
Designed to deliver a total pressure ratio of 1.005 and a mass
flow rate of 1.8 kg/s at nominal rotational speeds, this system
proves to be much more efficient compared to the conventional
rotor-stator fans. NACA-65 airfoils are used in this analysis
with the necessary adjustments at each section. Inverse design
method is used for the first rotor and geometrical constraints are
employed for the second one to have an axial inlet and outlet
flow without using any inlet or outlet guide vanes. Using free
vortex swirl distribution method, characteristic parameters and
the necessary data for 3D generation of this model are obtained.
The appropriate grid is generated using ATM method in
ANSYS TurboGrid and the model is simulated in CFX-15 flow
solver by employing k-ε turbulence model in the steady state
condition. Both design algorithm and simulation analysis
confirm the high anticipated efficiency for this system. The
accuracy of the design algorithm will be explored and the most
optimum operating points in different rotational speed ratios
and axial distances will be identified. By altering the outlet
static pressure of the system, the characteristic map is obtained.
INTRODUCTION
There is currently a growing tendency toward developing
contra-rotating fans and compressor stages due to their
compactness in length and reduction in weight which is the result
of omitting stators from the conventional models. Many
researchers working in this area have reported higher quantities in
efficiency and pressure ratio for contra-rotating fans, propellers
and compressor stages in comparison to rotor-stator assembly.
Started in 1930s, Lesley [2] showed that an addition of fixed
counter-propeller blades increases the efficiency of a four-blade
fixed counter-propeller in combination with a two-blade rotating
propeller by two percent. In 1980s, Sharma et al. [3] examined
the effect of altering rotational speed ratios of two rotors and also
different axial spacing between them in one stage of a compressor
which had blades with 0.66 hub-tip ratio. It was concluded that
alteration of these factors has strong influence on the stalling
behavior of the stage. Also it was mentioned that if the second
rotor contra-rotates 50% faster than the first one, rotating stall
phenomenon would be suppressed and in case of large axial
distances, contra-rotation would lose its benefits. In 2009, an
increase in efficiency and a decrease in fuel consumption rate
were reported by Min et al. [4] in a contra rotating propeller
system. They claimed that by using the rotational flow energy
behind the first rotor, the propulsive efficiency of the system
would be improved. Later, Nouri et al. [5] further analyzed the
effect of the rotational speeds ratios of the rotors and the axial
distance between them in a low number of blade contra-rotating
axial flow fan. They reported optimum quantities for these
parameters and validated the results experimentally. Finally,
Mistry et al. [6] conducted a similar experiment on high aspect
ratio contra-rotating axial fan stage. They reported high quantities
of efficiency in design and off design operating points. In this
research, after choosing an optimum blade thickness, operation of
a high number of blades axial flow fan in different axial distances
and also with different rotational speed ratios would be
investigated to indicate its characteristic map. In near future, an
actual model will be built based on the design procedure
introduced in this article.
Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
IMECE2014
November 14-20, 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
IMECE2014-39883
1 Copyright © 2014 by ASME