Vol. 14 No. 1 DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.63-70 ISSN: 1829 - 7285 E-ISSN: 2040 - 881X 63 Corresponding Author: IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION AND DISINFECTION IN HOSPITALS TO REDUCE THE SPREAD OF COVID19: A LITERATURE REVIEW Devi Anggraini 1 *, Kusuma Scorpia Lestari 1 1 Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia Article Info Submitted : 21 September 2021 In reviewed : 5 October 2021 Accepted : 6 January 2022 Available Online : 31 January 2022 Keywords : Covid19, SARS-Cov-2, Disinfection, Environmental sanitation, Hospital Published by Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga Abstract Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a new variant of virus that attacks the human respiratory tract which was declared by WHO as a Covid19 pandemic. Covid19 transmission through solid surfaces, air, and waste occurring in hospital areas require disinfection and sanitation monitoring to ensure that new clusters are not created and outpatients are not infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hospitals. Discussion: Using literature review method, 11 relevant articles that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. In the results of the study, there was a collection of samples in the solid surfaces, air and waste in both medical and non-medical areas containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The common objects where SARS-CoV-2 was discovered include doorknobs, toilet bowls, toilet fush buttons, and medical devices. In non-medical areas, the objects include computer keyboards, mice, and monitors. Chlorine-based disinfection for surfaces, monitoring in environmental sanitation by changing pillow and bedsheets and cleaning tables regularly were subsequently implemented. Conclusion: The implementation of environmental sanitation and disinfection is efective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus in hospitals. Studies indicated that disinfection is 95% to 99.99% efective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was not discovered in isolation rooms but was located in other public hospital areas. LITERATURE REVIEW Open Access *) devi.anggraini-2017@fkm.unair.ac.id INTRODUCTION In December 2019, the discovery of the SARS- CoV-2 or Covid19 virus that afects the respiratory tract was frst discovered in the animal market of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Central China and spread to various countries (1). At the beginning of the Covid19 pandemic, patient care in hospitals jumped drastically, causing hospitals to be flled with patients infected with Covid19. Since the emergence of the virus, the handling of Covid19 in hospitals has become stricter, as demonstrated in April 2020, where one of the hospitals in Germany screened patients and workers, formed an infection control team, carried out patient separation and conducted hygiene training for health workers (2). The treatment of Covid19 in hospitals, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), is through screening and triage for patients suspected of Covid19, the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for health workers as well as training, the implementation of disinfection and environmental sanitation in hospitals, waste management and separation of infected and uninfected patients (3). Indonesia reported 4,223,094 cases of SARS- CoV-2 on October 6, 2021 with the number of recovered patients at 4,052,300 individuals (4). According to reports, reinfection had occurred in patients and health workers who have recovered, with reinfection cased discovered in Hong Kong, USA, Belgium, Ecuador and India where 90-91% of individuals who had been infected with SARS- CoV-2 virus had antibodies detected within 4 weeks after infection (5). In a report, a reinfection case in India occurred in July 2020 where a 23-year-old male health worker at a hospital tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He recovered on October 9, 2020. On November 9, 2020, a test screening conducted as part of the regulations in the hospital, detected SARS-CoV-2 virus in the person (6). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus is understood to spread through droplets which then attach to the surface of objects. The positive rate of the surfaces in medical-related areas reached 24.83%, with general