Chapter 12 Active Tectonics–Climate Interaction in the Structural Depo-Centres of Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) Snigdha Ghatak and Mriganka Ghatak Abstract The Late Cenozoic period in the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) marked by several episodes of crustal adjustments resulted in the development of various landforms, drainage anomalies and pedosedimentary successions. The fault bound tectonic basins viz. Tapi, Purna and Narmada flanking the Satpura ranges hold tell-tale evidence of varying climatic and tectonic regimes. This chapter sum- marizes data from various literature, the Active Fault Mapping programme in CITZ and the fluvial archives to unravel the role of the tectonics-climate feedback system in shaping landscape architecture in and around the structurally controlled Quater- nary River basins of Purna, Tapi and Narmada. The cumulative interactions between the deformational events and ongoing surface processes are best witnessed by the marker horizons, anomalous river courses, basin geometry, hill slopes and elevation characteristics and the way these have influenced its depositional environment. The study suggests that repeated reactivation of older crustal-scale faults under different stress regimes have been a guiding factor in landform evolution in CITZ. While tectonics holds the primary key to the overall landscape development and sedimen- tation, peninsular climatic or microclimatic variations have equally been significant as palaeo-climatic proxies mimic all India monsoon scenarios. Keywords Cenozoic period · Sedimentary basins · Soil chronostratigraphy · Drainage anomalies · Climate amelioration Introduction The tectonic activity in the Cenozoic period of Earth’s history has contributed to the modification of the geography of Asia through the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates resulting in the formation of the highest (5 km and above msl) mountain chain and most extensive plateau representing the present-day greatest S. Ghatak (*) · M. Ghatak Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, West Bengal, India e-mail: snigdha.ghatak.gsi@gov.in © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 N. Khare (ed.), Science, Policies and Conflicts of Climate Change, Springer Climate, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16254-1_12 265