CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 43, 2015
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.aidic.it/cet
Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš
Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
I SBN 978-88-95608-34-1; I SSN 2283-9216
Quick Assessment of Explosion Hazard in Small Premises
Andrea Dusso*
a
, Stefano Grimaz
a
, Ernesto Salzano
b
a
SPRINT-Lab - Università degli Studi di Udine, via del Cotonificio, 114 - 33100 Udine, Italy
b
Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy
andrea.dusso@uniud.it
Workplace safety and emergency procedures require the identification of explosion risks. For this reason, EU
Directives as ATEX (Atmosphere Explosives) normative have been specifically issued, with the aims of
protecting worker safety, properties, environment and population. Besides, the cited law requires strong
expertise and knowledge of the complex science involved in explosion phenomena, which is not
straightforward in small and medium enterprises. Indeed, a large amount of published work concerns
explosion hazard in large-scale industrial environment, whereas there is a clear lack of studies concerning the
risk assessment of explosion in small premises like laboratories, workshops, garages and others.
In this work, a management tool for small premises that allows the identification of explosion hazard through a
rapid screening of the workplace and the recognition of a limited number of indicators, as the properties of
material stored or manipulated and the adopted mitigation systems, has been developed. The tool is
essentially based on the maximum quantities of flammable substances and allows the quick assessment of
explosion hazard starting from the visual screening or inspection of the workplace.
1. Introduction
The occurrence of the explosion phenomenon should be always considered when evaluating the safety of
workplaces where flammable or unstable solid, liquid and gaseous substances are stored or handled. This
destructive phenomenon may be characterized by several effects affecting the exposed targets (workers,
assets, equipment): mechanical effects (air shock, debris), thermal effects (flames), dispersion of partially
oxidized and combustion products, which are often toxic. Furthermore, the explosion can trigger secondary
adverse events as fires of large-scale solid or liquid combustibles, which in turn may produce cascading
effects in the surrounding equipment or buildings. Fire and explosion safety in workplaces, buildings and
premises is a major concern of European legislation, in particular through the ATEX Directives 1994/9/EC
(1994) and 1999/92/EC (1999). The first determines the essential safety requirements for products intended
for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, while the latter establishes obligations on the employer to
protect the safety and health of employees potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres. The application of
these Directives is demanded to the national states, but a sound application requires the knowledge of the
complex chemical and physical phenomena involved, which generally cannot be found in small and medium
enterprises. Just as an example, the methodology called GriSU (Grimaz and Pini, 1999), an expert system
conceived for the fire safety assessment and management in historical centres, has been considered too
complex for widespread application. Furthermore, there are very few studies concerning the assessment of
fire and explosion hazard in small premises like laboratories, workshops, or other similar civilian system.
In this paper, a management tool that allows the identification of fire and explosion hazards through the rapid
screening of the system, based on the recognition of the amount and characteristics of hazardous substances
within the cited premises, has been developed. The tool aims at the preliminary assessment of safety
performance of the analyzed system and may be usefully adopted for the definition of hazard maps covering
the workplace and to manage the hazards by choosing among effective technical and organizational
countermeasures, tailored on the specific needs of the premises, according the scheme proposed by Grimaz
et al. (2014). The tool may also be useful to plan emergency response.
DOI: 10.3303/CET1543316
Please cite this article as: Dusso A., Grimaz S., Salzano E., 2015, Quick assessment of explosion hazard in small premises, Chemical
Engineering Transactions, 43, 1891-1896 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543316
DOI: 10.3303/CET1543316
Please cite this article as: Dusso A., Grimaz S., Salzano E., 2015, Quick assessment of explosion hazard in small premises, Chemical
Engineering Transactions, 43, 1891-1896 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543316
1891