American Journal of Applied Sciences 11 (9): 1519-1529, 2014
ISSN: 1546-9239
© 2014 Rajpar and Zakaria, This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution
(CC-BY) 3.0 license
doi:10.3844/ajassp.2014.1519.1529 Published Online 11 (9) 2014 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajas.toc)
Corresponding Author: Rajpar, M.N., Department of Recreation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
1519 Science Publications
AJAS
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF LOGGING ACTIVITIES ON
AVIAN RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT AGED
POST-HARVESTED HILL DIPTEROCARP TROPICAL
RAINFOREST OF MALAYSIA
Rajpar, M.N. and M. Zakaria
Department of Recreation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received 2014-01-23; Revised 2014-04-30; Accepted 2014-07-15
ABSTRACT
Logging activities have encroached into the hill dipterocarp tropical rainforest area since the lowland
dipterocarp forests have decreased in size. Hill dipterocarp tropical rainforest is rich in habitat diversity and
provide a variety of resources for avian species such as food, habitat and shelter. Therefore it is important to
examine the logging effects of hill dipterocarp rainforest on avian species. We compared the avian richness
and diversity in different aged post-harvested hill dipterocarp tropical rainforest at the Berkelah Hill
Dipterocarp Rainforest Reserve in Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia using mist-netting method. We captured
a total of 1908 individuals representing 86 species and 29 families (i.e., 18.55% from two years post-
harvested forest, 25.10% from ten years post-harvested, 23.90% from twenty years post-harvested and
32.44% from thirty five years post-harvested forests). Forty nine species were caught in two years and ten
years, 55 species in twenty years and 59 species in thirty five years’ post-harvested forest. Seventeen
species were common in all four types of forest. Pycnonotidae, Timaliidae and Nectariniidae were the most
dominant families in all types of post-harvested hill dipterocarp tropical rainforest. Diversity analysis
indicated that the bird species in twenty years post-harvested hill dipterocarp rainforest was most diverse
(i.e., Fisher’s Alpha Diversity Index; 16.34) and evenly distributed (i.e., McIntosh Evenness index E; 0.933)
as compared to two years, ten years and thirty five years post-harvested forest. However, thirty five years
post-harvested forest was richest in avian species (i.e., Margalef’s Richness index R
1
; 9.02) as compared to
other post-harvested forest. The findings of this study revealed that logging and recovery process may
affects on avian distribution and diversity. However, these effects may vary from species to species.
Keywords: Birds, Rainforest, Mist-Netting, Post-Harvesting, Species Richness
1. INTRODUCTION
Malaysia is blessed with a variety of forest types such as
lowland dipterocarp forest, hill dipterocarp forest, upper-hill
dipterocarp forest, oak-laurel forest, montane ericaceous
forest, peat swamp forest, mangrove forests. Malaysian hill
forests are dominated by trees of dipterocarpaceae which
grows from 300 m to an altitude of 900 m. The significant
feature of hill dipterocarp forest is the presence of Seraya
(Shorea sp.) large size trees which most frequently grows
on hill ridges with prolific undergrowth of Eugeisonna
tristis (Bertam palm) and Oncosperma horridum (Thorny
palm tree). These forests are the most diverse in vegetation
structure and composition that supported a diversity of
wildlife species especially avian which directly or indirectly
depend on the forests for survival.
Malaysia is rich in vegetation diversity and are home of
742 bird species which directly or indirectly use the forest