Visible Light Mediated Sulfenylation-Annulation Cascade of
Alkyne Tethered Cyclohexadienones
Akshay M. Nair,
a
Shreemoyee Kumar,
a
and Chandra M. R. Volla
a,
*
a
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
E-mail: chandra.volla@chem.iitb.ac.in
Manuscript received: July 15, 2019; Revised manuscript received: August 28, 2019;
Versionofrecordonline: ■■■,■■■■
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201900874
Abstract: A mild and facile method to access sulfenylated dihydrochromenones via a visible light mediated
thiol-yne/conjugate addition cascade of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones, using cheap and readily available
organic photoredox catalyst (Eosin Y) is demonstrated. The utility and sustainability of the protocol were
further justified by the high yields, excellent diastereoselectivities, broad substrate scope, gram scale synthesis,
green chemistry metrics (atom economy and efficiency) and further synthetic transformations of the products.
Keywords: Cyclohexadienone; Thiol; visible-light; hetero annulation; Eosin Y
Introduction
The quest for energy efficient and sustainable synthesis
has seen the emergence of visible light photocatalysis
as an important tool for promoting a wide range of
synthetic transformations for the formation of C À C and
C À X bonds.
[1]
Photocatalysis has proven to be one of
the most sustainable tools for the generation of radical
ion intermediates under mild conditions. On the other
hand, cascade cyclizations belong to a powerful class
of transformations for the construction of carbocyclic
and heterocyclic skeletons from relatively simple
acyclic motifs.
[2]
Along these lines, alkyne-tethered
cyclohexadienones have been extensively studied for
the formation of fused carbocycles.
[3–7]
The formation
of 5,6-fused carbocycles (cis-hydrobenzofuranones)
has been well explored using metal catalysts like Rh,
[3]
Pd,
[4]
Cu,
[5]
and Ni.
[6]
In contrast, the formation of 6,6-
fused carbocycles remains relatively unexplored. In a
pioneering report, Lam and co-workers demonstrated
an arylative cyclization of cyclohexadienones for the
formation of cis-dihydrochromenones under Ni-
catalysis.
[7a]
Later, they also developed an efficient Ir-
catalyzed visible light mediated sulfonylative cycliza-
tions using sulfonylazides (Scheme 1a).
[7b]
Very re-
cently, Ackermann and Li reported a low valent cobalt
catalyzed difluoroalkylative cascade cyclization of
alkyne tethered cyclohexadienones using stoichiomet-
ric amounts of metallic zinc as reducing agent.
[8]
Despite these elegant studies, the use of rare, expensive
and toxic metal catalysts in these protocols, adds to
environmental concerns and potentially limits their
large scale utility. So the development of a metal-free,
organocatalytic cascade annulation of alkynylcyclohex-
adienones is highly desired, yet remains elusive.
During the preparation of this manuscript, Xu and co-
workers reported a metal free cascade annulation of
alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones with diselenides
using stoichiometric amounts of base under visible
light irradiation (Scheme 1b).
[9]
Organosulfur compounds are extremely important
entities due to their extensive applications in various
Scheme 1. Overview of the work.
FULL PAPER DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900874
Adv. Synth. Catal. 2019, 361,1–7 © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1
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