Citation: Sunthrayuth, P.; Naeem, M.;
Shah, N.A.; Shah, R.; Chung, J.D.
On the Solution of Fractional
Biswas–Milovic Model via Analytical
Method. Symmetry 2023, 15, 210.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
sym15010210
Academic Editor: Dumitru Baleanu
Received: 7 December 2022
Revised: 5 January 2023
Accepted: 9 January 2023
Published: 11 January 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
symmetry
S S
Article
On the Solution of Fractional Biswas–Milovic Model via
Analytical Method
Pongsakorn Sunthrayuth
1,†
, Muhammad Naeem
2
, Nehad Ali Shah
3,†
, Rasool Shah
4
and Jae Dong Chung
3,
*
1
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathumthani 12110, Thailand
2
Department of Mathematics, Deanship of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University,
Makkah 517, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
* Correspondence: jdchung@sejong.ac.kr
† These authors contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors.
Abstract: Through the use of a unique approach, we study the fractional Biswas–Milovic model
with Kerr and parabolic law nonlinearities in this paper. The Caputo approach is used to take the
fractional derivative. The method employed here is the homotopy perturbation transform method
(HPTM), which combines the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Yang transform (YT). The
HPTM combines the homotopy perturbation method, He’s polynomials, and the Yang transform.
He’s polynomial is a wonderful tool for dealing with nonlinear terms. To confirm the validity of
each result, the technique was substituted into the equation. The described techniques can be used to
find the solutions to these kinds of equations as infinite series, and when these series are in closed
form, they give a precise solution. Graphs are used to show the derived numerical results. The maple
software package is used to carry out the numerical simulation work. The results of this research are
highly positive and demonstrate how effective the suggested method is for mathematical modeling
of natural occurrences.
Keywords: Yang transform; homotopy perturbation method; Caputo operator; time-fractional
Biswas–Milovic model
1. Introduction
Due to its numerous applications in numerous nonlinear phenomena, fractional cal-
culus (FC) has gained the attention of academics. To describe the memory and heredity
characteristics of many phenomena, FC is a reliable source. The expansion of integer to non-
integer order of differentiation is known as fractional differentiation. Few phenomenons
including quantum mechanics, viscoelasticity, diffusion processes, fluid mechanics, etc.,
are effectively described by fractional differential equations (FDEs). FC is connected to
practical endeavours and is frequently used in human diseases, nanotechnology, chaos
theory, optics, and other disciplines, as noted in Refs. [1–4]. A helpful tool for repre-
senting nonlinear events in scientific and engineering models is the fractional differential
equation. In applied mathematics and engineering, partial differential equations, particu-
larly nonlinear ones, have been utilised to simulate a wide range of scientific phenomena.
Fractional-order partial differential equations (FPDEs) allowed researchers to recognise
and model a wide range of significant and real-world physical issues in parallel with their
work in the physical sciences. It has always been claimed how important it is to obtain
approximations for scientists by using either numerical or analytical methods. Because of
this, symmetry analysis is a fantastic tool for comprehending partial differential equations,
especially when looking at equations generated from mathematical concepts connected
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