Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the
levels of cadmium and lead in edible tissue of Mytella
charruana and Mugil curema from three coastal lagoons
(Altata Ensenada del Pabellón, AEP; Urías, URI; and
Teacapán, TEA) of Sinaloa (NW of Mexico) during an
annual cycle, to compare maximum permissible levels
(MPLs) of with legal limits of cadmium and lead, and to
assess potential risk for consumers.
Methods: Samples of charry mussel (M. charruana) and
white mullet (M. curema) were collected every two mon-
ths between July 2005 and July 2006 in three of the
main lagoon systems in the state of Sinaloa (NW Mexi-
co): Altata-Ensenada del Pabellón (AEP), Urías (URI) and
Teacapán (TEA), which represent different pollution.
Results: The range of mean levels in the studied la-
goons were as follows: in M. charruana Cd 0.064 to
0.222 and Pb 0.206 to 0.482 μg g
-1
ww, respectively
and in M. curema Cd 0.003 to 0.018 and Pb 0.013 to
0.019 μg g
-1
ww, respectively. Taking into account na-
tional and international regulations, the Cd and Pb lev-
els detected in M. curema apparently do not pose a risk
for human health. Nonetheless, for M. charruana the
scenario is different, some levels of Cd in TEA surpass-
ed maximum permissible levels (MPL’s) of European
Commission (EC) and Codex regulations and on the
other hand, Pb levels in AEP rather than URI surpassed
MPLs of national and international regulations.
Conclusion: Although some levels exceed legal limits,
risks for human health are diluted because EDI - of Cd
and Pb - via consumption of edible tissue of fish were
far below the provisional permissible tolerable daily in-
take (PTDI) values established by FAO/WHO. However,
this situation is different if we taking into account, dif-
ferent patterns of consumption in mussels, few EDI val-
ues exceed the established levels of PTDI.
Keywords: Food safety, Lead, Cadmium, Seafood con-
sumption, Estimated daily intake
Introduction
In past years, the fish consumption has risen as a re-
sult the benefits they offer to human health, due to their
source of nourishment, high quality protein and poly-
unsaturated fatty acids, they lower the risk of cardio-
vascular disease and immunologic disorders, among
others
1,2
. Worldwide the rise in fish and shellfish con-
sumption per capita went from 9.9 in 1960 to 19.2 in
2012. In countries like Spain, Japan and China, the ave-
rage consumption in 2013 was 32 kg per person per
year
3
. On the other hand, in Mexico the historical fish
consumption ranks very low from the world’s average,
in the 90’s consumption per capita was 10.4 kg and by
2010 was 12.81 kg per year
4
. In recent years, Mexican
authorities have been encouraging fish consumption
through various sponsored programs directed to boost
primary activities as fishing and aquaculture.
Nonetheless, despite the great benefits of eating sea-
food, this can pose a risk to human health because of
its bioaccumulation tendency of contaminants present
in the environment
5,6
. In fact, the contaminants can be
transferred through the food chain, and eventually reach
greater, possibly harmful, concentrations among top
predators such as eagles, polar bears, and even human
Jesús Efrén Astorga-Rodríguez
1
,
Irma Eugenia Martínez-Rodríguez
1
,
Luz María García-de la Parra
1
,
Miguel Betancourt-Lozano
1
,
Ruth Cecilia Vanegas-Pérez
2
,
Claudia Alejandra Ponce de León-Hill
2
&
Jorge Ruelas-Inzunza
3
1
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C.,
(CIAD - Unidad Mazatlán), Sinaloa, México
2
Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F., México
3
Instituto Tecnológico de Mazatlán, 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa,
México
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed
to I. E. Martínez-Rodríguez (irma@ciad.mx)
Received 16 July 2018 / Received in revised form 6 September 2018
Accepted 11 September 2018
DOI 10.1007/s13530-018-0365-1
©The Korean Society of Environmental Risk Assessment and
Health Science and Springer 2018
pISSN : 2005-9752 / eISSN : 2233-7784
Toxicol. Environ. Health. Sci. Vol. 10(3), 203-211, 2018
Abstract
Lead and Cadmium Levels in Mussels and Fishes from
Three Coastal Ecosystems of NW Mexico and Its Potential
Risk due to Fish and Seafood Consumption