Vol.:(0123456789)
Water History
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12685-020-00269-x
1 3
Flotsam: Garbage dumping, pollution, and legal tensions
in the Detroit River
Ramya Swayamprakash
1
Received: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020
© Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
This paper examines garbage dumping as a transboundary water confict that brought to
the surface issues of federalism as it did territorial sovereignty by examining a garbage
trial in the town of Amherstburg, along the Detroit River. In June 1895, the collector of
the town of the Canadian town of Amherstburg seized an American scow and tug which
were accused of dumping garbage into the Detroit River near Canadian waters. As a trans-
boundary waterbody, both the United States and Canada had access to and interest in the
Detroit River; it was an important commercial water as well as fshing ground. The garbage
contained all sorts of waste including animal ofal, much to the chagrin of Amherstburg’s
residents and ofcials. In the trial that followed, local ofcials and residents argued that the
garbage interfered with fsh catches and was a general nuisance. The collector had seized
the vessels only after he had frst tried to get a directive from the Ministry of Agriculture.
His telegram asking for direction received a reply telegram which was merely an acknowl-
edgement of receipt. When he did hear back, from another ministry, he was told it was a
local matter as there was no contravention of a federal policy. To the American owners of
the tug and scow, the garbage trial (as it came to be known) was not merely a local issue.
Local ofcials and residents testifed to their growing annoyance and the overall inconven-
ience caused by the dumping at the trail. To federal ofcials, this remained a local matter.
By following the garbage trial and its aftermath, this paper shows how garbage became a
local, federal, and transboundary issue, all at once thus exposing the interstitial space that
garbage occupies. In so doing, expands our understanding of garbage, pollution, and their
evolution as binational issues between the United States and Canada before the formation
of the International Joint Commission.
Keywords Garbage · Great Lakes · Urban pollution
* Ramya Swayamprakash
ramya.swayamprakash@gmail.com; swayampr@msu.edu
1
Department of History, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA