Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 14, 2013 4993 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.9.4993 Cancer in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: a Hospital Based Two Year Retrospective Analysis Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14 (9), 4993-4998 Introduction The global burden of cancer (WHO, 2008) continues to rise because of aging and growth in world population; more so in the developing nations due to adoption of cancer promoting habits like smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and western-type diet structure. Based on the Globocan, (2008) estimates (http://globocan.iarc.fr. 2010), about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008; of these, 56% of the cases and 64% of the deaths occurred in the economically developing world (Jemal et al., 2011). India remains one of the densely populated countries of the world along with China accounting for about 18% of the total world population (UN. World Population Prospects, 2009). The population of India on 1st March 2011 was 1,210.2 million as per the provisional population totals of Census of India, 2011 (http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/ indiaatglance.html accessed on 25.7.2012). Until 1964, information on cancer occurrence in India was available from surveys. Initiation of population based cancer registries (PBCRs) at Bombay (1964), Pune 1 Radiation Oncology, Clinical Fellow, Tata Medical Center, 2 Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Kolkata, India *For correspondence: moujhuri.nandi@gmail.com Abstract Background: A retrospective analysis of all cancer patients attending the radiotherapy outpatient department (OPD) of a single unit during the period of January 2005 till December 2006 was conducted to know the geographical distribution and incidence of the most common cancers, their stage of presentation, treatment compliance among the patients and follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 4,484 patients were registered in the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during the period of January 2005- December 2006; of which 1,975 registered in an individual unit were included for the retrospective analysis. Results: Most of the patients hailed from the various districts of UP and Bihar. Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 1.33:1. Females mostly belonged to the age group of 40-59 years; whilst males were a decade older. Major cancer sites in females were cervix and breast followed by head and neck. Leading cancer sites in males were head and neck, brain, bone, soft tissue and lung. Most of the cases presented in advanced stage of disease (74%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (56%). A significant proportion of patients defaulted after undergoing preliminary investigations (16%). Only 53.9% of females and 58.5% of males took treatment out of which 68% and 63% completed the prescribed treatment. Compliance with follow-up was poor. Conclusions: The outcome of this study will significantly help us to define region specific strategies needed for cancer management in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Keywords: Cancer audit - retrospective analysis - cancer incidence - treatment - compliance to follow-up RESEARCH ARTICLE Audit of Cancer Patients from Eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP), India: A University Hospital Based Two Year Retrospective Analysis Moujhuri Nandi 1 *, Abhijit Mandal 2 , Anupam Kumar Asthana 2 (1973), Aurangabad (1978), and at Ahmedabad and Nagpur in 1980, started the availability of data on cancer incidence. However, the boost for cancer registration occurred in 1982, through initiation of National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) by Indian Council of Medical Research (Annual Report 1982). The NCRP began with three population based (Bombay, Bangalore and Madras), and three hospital based registries (HBCRs) (at Chandigarh, Dibrugarh and Trivandrum) (Annual Report 1983-1986). Further, expansion of NCRP saw the initiation of urban and rural PBCRs at Bhopal and Delhi and at Barshi (Maharashtra) in 1987, (Annual Report, 1987) and HBCRs at Bangalore, Bombay and Madras in 1986 (Annual Report, 1986). The data from cancer registries helped in highlighting the magnitude, geographical disparities and common sites of cancer in India (ICMR, Bangalore 2002). The cancer registries have provided since 1982, (Annual report 1982-1987) an idea of the magnitude and pattern of cancer in selected urban centres and in a couple of rural pockets. However, large areas of population especially rural remain uncovered and therefore the