Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 100 (2023) 100807 Available online 26 November 2022 0019-4522/© 2022 Indian Chemical Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Chemical profling of Aristolochia tagala Cham. leaf extracts by GC-MS analysis and evaluation of its antibacterial activity V. Mariyammal a , V. Sathiageetha a , S. Amalraj a , Shailendra S. Gurav b , E. Amiri-Ardekani c , S. Jeeva d , M. Ayyanar a, * a Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi (Affliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur, 613 503, India b Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, 403 001, India c Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran d Department of Botany, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, 629 003, Tamil Nadu, India A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Antibacterial activity Aristolochia Extraction GC-MS analysis Phytochemistry ABSTRACT Aristolochia tagala Cham. (Aristolochiaceae) is an underexplored medicinal plant traditionally used to treat snakebites, stomachaches, and poisonous bites. In this study, chemical profling of the petroleum ether, chlo- roform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hydro-alcoholic extracts of the plant was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of the plant was tested against ten bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion and microdilution method. In total, forty two compounds were identifed from the extracts with neophytadiene, palmitic acid, phytol, trans-δ9-octadecenoic acid, phytyl palmitate, phytyl tetradecanoate, ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3beta,24r)-,z,z-8,10-hexadecadien-1-ol, stigmasterol, and tetrapentacontane as major phytoconstituents. The hydro-alcoholic extract possessed maximum total phenolics (52.58 ± 06 mg GAE/ g), total favonoids (48.66 ± 91 QRE/g), total favanols (67.20 ± 64 QRE/g) and vitamin E content (31.26 ± 0.05 mg ATE/g). For antibacterial activity, hydro-alcoholic extract of Aristolochia tagala effectively controlled the growth of bacterial strains such as Proteus valgaris (26.3 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.33 mm) and the same extract showed notable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the growth of bacteria like Escherichia coli (10.93 μg/ml) and Enterobacter aerogenes (43.7 μg/ml). It was determined that, hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extracts Aristolochia tagala leaf found to have a number of bioactive compounds with signifcant antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria. Further investigations are necessary to isolate and char- acterize bioactives and to evaluate its therapeutic potential. 1. Introduction Plants produce a different mixture of secondary metabolites such as phenols, alkaloids, favonoids, tannin, saponins and essential oil which commonly not essential for plant growth and reproduction but they play various roles in food and pharmaceutical industry [1,2]. Plants have been used as antibacterial agents because of the abundant presence of biomolecules in its various parts. Synthetic medications have a high rate of secondary failure and severe adverse effects. Plant products contain a wide variety of free radical scavenging molecules viz., phenolics, nitrogenous compounds and other endogenous metabolites which possess substantial antioxidant properties [3]. GC-MS analysis and quantifcation techniques are widely used in pharmaceutics for isolation and identifcation of bioactive molecules of various bioresources [2,4]. The genus Aristolochia L. belongs to the family Aristolochiaceae consists of about 400 species with scattered distribution in temperate and tropical counties of the world [5]. Various species of Aristolochia are used in the treatment of different diseases including diabetes, infam- mation, snakebite, fever, stomach problems and reported to have anti-infammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and insect repellent ac- tivities [6–8]. Aristolochia sps. have been used as medicine in traditional systems of medicine in several Asian countries including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Korea, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand [9]. Aristolochic acid, one of the major compounds of the genus is extracted from the root * Corresponding author. Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affliated to Bharathidasan University), Poondi, 613 503, Thanjavur, India. E-mail address: asmayyanar@yahoo.com (M. Ayyanar). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of the Indian Chemical Society journal homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-the-indian-chemical-society https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2022.100807 Received 15 June 2022; Received in revised form 5 November 2022; Accepted 23 November 2022