Arab J Sci Eng (2013) 38:59–68
DOI 10.1007/s13369-012-0407-y
RESEARCH ARTICLE - CHEMISTRY
Characterization, Physical and Mechanical Properties
of Polypropylene/Wood-Flour Composites
Diène Ndiaye · Mamadou Gueye · Bouya Diop
Received: 17 February 2011 / Accepted: 22 November 2011 / Published online: 30 November 2012
© King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals 2012
Abstract Wood polymer composites (WPCs) were made
with pine and polypropylene matrix (PP). Samples of WPCs
were processed through melt compounding and hot-press
moulding with different formulations of wood flour content
and addition of coupling agent. This study focuses on the
improvement of the mechanical properties of WPCs through
the addition of compatibilizers. Generally fiber/matrix bond-
ing or a strong interaction is required to ensure an appropriate
transfer of stresses and satisfactorily physical properties. The
effect of wood content and coupling agent like Maleic anhy-
dride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the thermal behavior
was monitored by DSC, water uptake and thickness of swell-
ing during 2 months. The results exhibited increase of these
two physical properties with wood flour content and cou-
pling agent. In the thermal behavior, wood plays the role of
nucleating agent. During the cooling step, the crystallization
begins earlier than in pure PP and the percent of crystalliza-
tion increase with wood amount. The effects of the reinforce-
ments on the mechanical properties of the composites as well
as the effect of compatibilization on the composite properties
were highlighted. The mechanical study revealed the posi-
tive effect of coupling agent MAPP on interfacial bonding
permitting better stress transfer from matrix to fiber.
Keywords Wood polymer composite (WPC) ·
Thermal properties · Crystallization, nucleation
D. Ndiaye (B ) · B. Diop
Section Physique Appliquée, UFR/SAT,
Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis, Saint-Louis, Senegal
e-mail: diendiay@yahoo.fr; diene.ndiaye@ugb.edu.sn
M. Gueye
LRNA, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,
Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
1 Introduction
Currently, many scientific and technological efforts are
directed towards minimizing environmental impacts derived
from the use of polymer materials. Composites made with
wood and polymer matrix are used, in the objective to obtain
material with some characteristics of these two resources
like the appearance of wood and the performances of plastic
in humid area. Anxious to a sustainable society that pro-
tects the environment, a growing movement of scientists and
engineers focuses research in studies of wood polymer com-
posites, alternative materials which can reduce the harmful
effects of plastics and their derivatives on the environment.
The wood polymer composites are widely used in con-
struction, automotive, packaging materials, sound insulation
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