Volume 3 • Issue 3 • 1000136
J Anal Bioanal Techniques
ISSN:2155-9872 JABT, an open access journal
Open Access Letter
Pandey et al., J Anal Bioanal Techniques 2012, 3:3
DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000136
Introduction
Modern era of “Genomic Revolution” has led to the exploration of
various domains of “omics” i.e. genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics
etc. and transformed our vision and understanding of the dynamic
interaction between living organisms and the corresponding
environment. Genomics is considered as study of genome of organisms
and has its wide applications in almost all areas of biology, including
drug discovery and in proteomic analysis [1-6]. It helps in obtaining
the blue print of an organism and further enables to understand their
organization and functions. Applied genomics has two major aspects:
i) efforts to determine the DNA sequence of organisms as well as
physical mapping, ii) expression of genes to describe their function
and interaction (functional genomics). With the advent of advanced
computational techniques, a new branch has now emerged and termed
as “comparative genomics” which deals with relationship between
genomes of different species.
Promising Areas of Genome Research
If we analyze the potential areas of genome research, the first and
foremost is sequencing the genomes of model organisms. e race of
DNA sequencing started with complete sequencing of bacteriophage
φ-X174 in 1977 by Fredrick Sanger using Sanger method of DNA
sequencing and moved on with sequencing of Haemophilus influenzae in
1995 and then many more model organisms like E.coli, Bacillus subtilis,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans,
Drosophila melanogaster etc [7,8]. e whole genome sequencing
of model organisms provided a valuable insight into the molecular
keys behind their growth, development and function mechanism.
e knowledge of genome has opened a wide range of possibilities in
elucidating the future prospects of gene regulation mechanism, trends
in molecular evolution and phylogeny, genome organisation and in
pharmaceutical researches to very higher extent. ese possibilities
can be practically observed for their usage in cancer therapeutics
development and further in determining the structural and molecular
aspects of the pathological disorders. Further, the application of genome
sequencing methodologies can be used in the analysis of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and other yeast genomes that can help in development of new
and improved strains of individual importance as well as can be helpful
in search of novel anti fungal drugs.
e advancement in the sequencing technologies has outfield the
current genomic databases and has created a wide opportunity for
biologist to explore and unravel the hidden patters and has lead to the
evolution on whole new discipline termed as “functional genomics” [9].
is field mainly deals with dynamic aspects such as gene transcription,
translation, protein-protein interaction etc. It mainly relates the genome
of an organism with its phenotype and enables us to gain insights into
genomic functionality and the associated phenotypic characteristics [9].
is branch has paved our way in solving the mysteries of the genome
and furthermore, it helped in resolving the mysteries of life forms.
Large amount of genomic data has revolutionised the arena of
pharmaceutical researches. e genomic data not only enhanced our
vision regarding the potential drug targets but has also provided us
valuable information regarding drug metabolism and their associated
positive and negative consequences in human body. It played a very
crucial role in reducing the time constraints for drug development [1].
ese advancements further lead to the development of a promising
area in the field of drug design and health care researches, and was
termed as “personalised medicine”, believed to be a milestone in the
area of pharmaceutical research [1]. It is well realised that there is an
inter-individual variation with respect to therapeutic responses to
most of drugs and the same applies with the adverse drug reactions.
So, a personalized approach can be a promising approach to certain
deadly diseases, although it has some limitations that are needed to be
addressed.
e advent of genomic era has further enhanced in the area of
proteomic researches. e 3D confirmation of protein structures are
required in order to resolve the ligand-target association mechanism
[1-6]. e availability of genomic data’s has enabled us to carry a
comparative screening of available structures that are closely associated
to our model protein. ese approaches require a combination of
computational genomics and biophysical approaches and are now
considered as a central point of in-silico drug discovery. e Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC) that was launched with the aim of
determining 3D structures of proteins having promising significance in
the field of medicine, has further facilitated in target based drug therapy
development [10]. e structural genomics not only reduced the efforts
carried out by the researchers, forecasting their work in the field of
*Corresponding author: Rituraj Purohit, Bioinformatics Division, School of Bio
Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore
632014, Tamil Nadu, India, Tel: 91-9944649073; E-mail: riturajpurohit@gmail.com
Received June 10, 2012; Accepted July 02, 2012; Published July 07, 2012
Citation: Pandey A, Kumar A, Purohit R (2012) Current Vision of Genomic
Research and Its Positive Impact on Global Community. J Anal Bioanal Techniques
3:136. doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000136
Copyright: © 2012 Pandey A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
source are credited.
Abstract
Genomics has its own application in wide range of life science research. Recent studies are now being
concentrated on functional and comparative aspects of genomics and that makes an efficient platform for drug
discovery and pharmaceutical research. In this note, we have focused on how the genomic studies are showing their
positive impact on the global community and in what way it could be further advanced.
Current Vision of Genomic Research and Its Positive Impact on Global
Community
Akanksha Pandey, Ambuj Kumar and Rituraj Purohit*
Bioinformatics Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
Journal of
Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques
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ISSN: 2155-9872