International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 15 (2016) pp8501-8506 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com 8501 GPS PROTOCOLS Michal Sustek, Miroslav Marcanik, Milan Oplustil, Zdenek Urednicek Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, Czech Republic. Abstract The contribution describes the basic principles of measurement and the use of global positioning systems, focusing on the most widely used system NAVSTAR, including used protocols. It deals NMEA protocols-which today ranks among the most widespread GPS system, RINEX- which is an interpretation of "raw" data, these systems, and RTCM-which is an alternative for NMEA with the difference that is much used in the GLONASS system. Keywords: GPS;protocols; NMEA; RINEX;RC-104. INTRODUCTION The need to know its place and purpose of humanity was already known at the time of nomadic tribes, even though it was not the exact coordinates, but rather about the features and layout of the new territory to be able to survive. With the increasing development and demarcation of borders of individual states are at the forefront seceded and precise geographic coordinates, and it's no surprise that over time, methods of identifying and mapping increasingly refined. Nowadays, because there is a large geographic area Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in which it is possible to include the most common navigation system NAVSTAR GPS, but also GLONASS (Russia) and GALILEO (European Union). In positioning systems are distinguished two methods for aiming points, these are the absolute and relative, both of which can be used in static and kinematic mode. In the static application, the receiver is during the measurement due to the earth's surface at rest. On the other hand, in the kinematic applications is the antenna relative to the surface of the earth in motion. The accuracy of static methods and speed of kinematic measurements contributed to the development of technologies whose combination leads to rapid positioning. It is a method of Rapid Static and Stop & Go. Another development from the perspective of hardware receivers led to the creation of options "real-time" measurement techniques. Due to the mass spread of GPS technology, it is not surprising that they constitute a resource of information that must be processed. The problem may be a transmission with a device to the software that was created by another manufacturer. It leads to the need for at least some of the protocols to standardize. Among the most used include NMEA, RTCM SC-104, and RINEX. GPS HISTORY The GPS system has its roots in the 60s of the 20th century. The primary purpose for which the system was designed in the effort to obtain a universal, highly accurate and easily accessible positioning and navigation system, which at that time replaced the myriad specific devices. The main problem with these devices is their cost and limited use. Based on these facts, the US Navy and Air Force began independently to study the possibility of using a radio signal that would be sent from the satellites and the possibility of its use for navigation. Navy sponsored two research programs. These were Transit and Timation. On the other hand, the Air Force participated in a similar program 621B System. In 1973, there was a compromise that united researcher programs under a single program known as GPS. The first phase of the GPS had a set budget to $ 100 million. [3] Between 1978 and 1985 there was a total of 11 satellites launched, but one of them was destroyed in a failed launch. The initial service of life which has been determined by these satellites was only three years, but the most of them worked over 10 years. In the 80 years was sent into orbit by an additional 23 satellites. Currently, this system consists of 24 satellites. Like a number of other technologies, it was the first major test for the deployment of GPS in military operations in the Persian Gulf. The system enabled the orientation in rough desert terrain with great precision. It is said that one of two things that stood for victory in this war conflict was just a GPS (the other was night vision). It is, therefore, understandable that in addition to the Gulf War, the system was deployed in countless other military operations. GPS METHODOLOGY The GPS has two basic measurement methodology, these are absolute (autonomy) and relative (differential) positioning. Both of these methods can be used for static and kinematic positioning application. Under static positioning, the receiver during the measurement due to the earth's surface at rest, on the other hand in kinematic applications, the antenna relative to the surface of the earth in motion. The accuracy of static methods and speed of kinematic measurements contributed to the development of technologies whose combination leads to rapid positioning. It is a method of Rapid Static and Stop & Go. Another development from the perspective of hardware receivers led to the creation of options "real-time" measurement techniques (RTK). Statistic Method The relative measurement method allows determining the differences between GPS coordinates of the satellite system and the reference point. The various distances to the satellites must be determined simultaneously from the examined and the reference point. Under static measurements are determined vectors connectors points of interest (in figure 1). The static