[ 240 ] 8. Policy Metrics for Coherent and Socially Inclusive Urban Transformation in Mobility and Energy Peerawat Payakkamas 1 Marc Dijk 2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/978-628-7592-15-5_8 8.1. Introduction Rationale Cities occupy only a small portion of the Earth’s surface but are home to more than half of the world’s population. Thus, these are the major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions from energy use and highly prone to the risks and effects of climate change. 3 Accordingly, cities have an important role in the 1. Maastricht University, Maastricht Sustainability Institute. E-mail: P.Payakkamas@maastrichtuniversity.nl 2. Maastricht University, Maastricht Sustainability Institute. E-mail: M.Dijk@maastrichtuniversity.nl 3. Michael Acuto, Susan Parnell, and Karen C. Seto, ‘Building a global urban science,’ Nature Sustainability 1 (January 2018): 2–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-017-0013-9; Ahmed Sodiq, et al., ‘Towards modern sustainable cities: Review of sustainability principles and trends,’ Journal of Cleaner Production 227 (August 2019): 972–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.106; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Afairs, World Urbanization Prospects: Te 2018 Revision (New York: United Nations, 2019). http://bitly.ws/qwTG; United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Sustainable Cities: Hubs of Innovation, Low Carbon Industrialization and Climate Action (Vienna: UNIDO, 2016). http://bitly.ws/qwS3