International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2017): 78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 Volume 6 Issue 10, October 2017 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Study of Brain Morphology in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer Disease in Sudan using MRI Inaam Eltoum 1 , Mohamed Yousef 1, 2 , Shazaly Khojaly 1, 4 Ahmed Abukonna 1 , Mohammed Salih 3 1 Sudan University for Sciences and Technology, College of Radiological Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan 2 Batterjee Medical College, Department of Radiological Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 3 Royal Care International Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan 4 Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Science, Medical Imaging Technology Department, Abha, KSA Abstract: The present study fills a gap in the Study of Brain Morphology in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer disease in Sudan using MRI and the main objective of this study is to evaluate the Morphology of the Brain using MRI and CT in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's in Sudan. This study was done in Sudan University of science and technology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Khartoum state Hospitals, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period from April 2015 to June 2017.This study included two groups. Group (A) were 100 healthy individuals, (66 males (66%), 33 females (44%). Group (B) 300 patients, 198 male (66. %) and 102 females (44.0%) with high probability of AD. The mean age of all patients is 45years ranging (15-75) years additional to control group. MRS studies were performed on 1.5 Tesla Toshiba Exclelart Vantage whole body MR systems using standard imaging head coil. The results of this study revealed that the most affected patients by Alzheimer's disease (AD) were male 202 (67%), their ages above 7th decay; the most common sign is Apraxia (77%) and Amnesia (76%). And this study revealed that Predemntia is most type affected by patients (35%) (72 male, 35 female). The majority of patients diagnosed in moderate stage of AD. Early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rarely affected by patients or rarely diagnosed because with hidden signs and symptoms. The causes the Alzheimer's disease (AD) in this study as the following the most cause of AD is Genetic factor 44% (80male, 52 females), Amyloid Hypothesis factor is 43 % (78 male, 52 females) and rare cause factor is Tau Hypothesis 07 %( 15 male, 06 females). Diagnostic Imaging Factors the Alzheimer's disease revealed that the Hypocampal Atrophy imaging factor is most predictive factors in diagnosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (71%), Temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) factor (71%), Diffuse cerebral Atrophy factor is (68%) and Increase size of Ventricles factor(66%). This study concluded that the majority of patients were male, the most common sign is Apraxia, the majority of patients diagnosed in moderate stage of AD, the most cause of is Genetic factor and the Hypocampal Atrophy imaging factor is most predictive factors in diagnosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI. Keywords: Alzheimer disease, neuropathology, brain atrophy, MRI 1. Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted disease in which cumulative pathological brain insults result in progressive cognitive decline that ultimately leads to dementia. Amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neurodegeneration, and inflammation are the well-established pathological hallmarks of AD. A plausible model for the development of AD posits that amyloid deposition occurs early in the process but by itself does not directly cause clinical symptoms [1, 2]. Neuronal and synaptic losses appear to be key determinants of cognitive impairment in AD [3, 4]. If neuronal loss leads to cerebral atrophy (as is likely), then it can be expected that cognitive decline and atrophy will be closely associated. On the basis of this evidence, it has been hypothesized that AD pathological cascade is a two-stage process in which amyloidosis and neuronal pathology are largely sequential rather than simultaneous processes [5, 6]. There is also sufficient literature to support the fact that atrophy of the brain structures or neurodegeneration is the most proximate substrate of cognitive impairment in AD [7-9]. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) measures brain morphometry and therefore can capture gray matter atrophy related to the loss of neurons, synapses, and dendritic de- arborization that occurs on a microscopic level in AD; white matter atrophy related to the loss of structural integrity of white matter tracts, presumably resulting from demyelination and dying back of axonal processes; and exvacuo expansion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. It has been shown that neuronal loss correlates with but exceeds NFT density in AD and is related directly to impaired cognitive function [10]. Neuronal loss also correlates with Braak NFT stage and quantitative NFT burden, validating sMRI as an AD biomarker [11-13]. According to our knowledge, information on dementia prevalence in Sudan is very limited. The present study fills a gap in the Study of Brain Morphology in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer disease in Sudan using MRI and the main objective of this study is to evaluate the Morphology of the Brain using MRI and CT in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's in Sudan. 2. Material and Method The study is performed In Sudan. In Khartoum state hospitals (Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum Teaching hospital, Khartoum Public teaching Hospital, Khartoum North, Imperial Private Hospital and polyclinics privates). This study include two groups.Group (A) were 100 healthy individuals, (66 males (66%), 33 females (44%).Group (B) 300 patients, 198 male (66. %) And 102 females (44.0%). with high probability of AD. The mean age of all patients is 45years ranging (15-75) years additional to control group. Standardized forms were used to collect data on mores variables divided into main categories, namely age, sex, Paper ID: 23081715 DOI: 10.21275/23081715 1493