25 Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 11 (1) 2013: 25-32 Kertas Asli/Original Article Kesan Sitotoksik Sebatian Difenilstanum (IV) Alkilfenilditiokarbamat terhadap Sel Eritroleukemia, K562 (Cytotoxic Effect of Diphenyltin (IV) Alkylphenyldithiocarbamate Compounds on Erythtroleukemia Cell, K562) NORMAH AWANG, SITI MUSSLIHAH SHAHIDI, ASMAH HAMID & NURUL FARAHANA KAMALUDIN ABSTRAK Kesan sitotoksik sebatian organostanum (IV) terhadap pelbagai sel kanser telah dikaji oleh para saintis di seluruh dunia.Dalam kajian ini,dua sebatian baru organostanum (IV) iaitu difenilstanum (IV) etilfenilditiokarbamat (DFEF) dan difenilstanum (IV) butilfenilditiokarbamat (DFBF) telah diuji kesan sitotoksiknya terhadap sel eritroleukemia, K562. Sel eritroleukemia, K562 merupakan sel sasaran manakala, sel hepar Chang dan sel fbroblas V79 pula digunakan untuk menilai kesan kedua-dua sebatian ini terhadap sel bukan kanser. Kesan sitotoksik sebatian DFEF dan DFBF diuji menggunakan ujian asai 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromida (MTT) dengan masa pendedahan 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam pada kepekatan sebatian yang berbeza. Pemerhatian terhadap perubahan morfologi juga dilakukan menggunakan nilai IC 50 yang diperolehi pada masa pendedahan seperti ujian asai MTT. Ujian sitotoksisiti telah menunjukkan sebatian DFEF dan DFBF adalah sangat toksik terhadap sel K562 dengan nilai IC 50 kurang daripada 10 µM untuk ketiga-tiga masa pendedahan.Indeks pemilihan juga membuktikan bahawa kedua-dua sebatian memberikan kesan sitotoksik secara memilih terhadap sel K562 pada masa 48 jam dan 72 jam, tetapi pada masa 24 jam, sebatian ini bertindak secara tidak memilih terhadap sel K562 dan sel bukan kanser. Perubahan morfologi yang diperhatikan adalah menyerupai ciri-ciri apoptosis seperti pengecutan sel dan pembentukan jasad apoptotik dan juga nekrosis seperti sel lisis. Kesimpulannya, sebatian difenilstanum (IV) alkilfenilditiokarbamat berpotensi untuk dibangunkan sebagai agen antileukemia tetapi mekanisma khusus tindakan sebatian ini terhadap sel K562 perlu dikaji pada masa akan datang untuk menjelaskan potensi sebatian ini sebagai dadah antikanser yang baru. Kata kunci: Difenilstanum (IV), sitotoksik, ditiokarbamat, apoptosis ABSTRACT Cytotoxicity of organotin (IV) compounds towards various types of cancerous cells have been extensively studied by researchers worldwide. In this study,two new organotin (IV) compounds; diphenyltin (IV) ethylphenyldithiocarbamate (DFEF) and diphenyltin (IV) butylphenyldithiocarbamate (DFBF) were used to evaluate their cytotoxic effect against erythroleukemia cells, K562. K562 cell was used as target cell whereas Chang liver and V79 fbroblast cells were used to evaluate the effects of both compounds on non-cancerous cells. The cytotoxic effects of both compounds were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 24, 48 and 72 hours using different concentrations. Observations on the morphological changes were carried out with IC 50 value for times of exposure similar to the MTT assay test. The cytotoxicity test showed that, DFEF and DFBF compounds were very toxic toward K562 cells with the IC 50 values obtained less than 10 µM at all times of exposure. The selectivity index have proven that both compounds exhibited selective cytotoxic effect against K562 cells at 48 and 72 hours, meanwhile at 24 hours, these compounds showed general toxicity towards K562 and non-cancerous cells. We found that both compounds were toxic to non-cancerous cells, Chang liver and V79 cells where the IC 50 values were less than 5 µM. Both compounds also showed selectivity to target cell at 48 and 72 hours of exposure. However for 24 hours, these compounds showed general toxicity and non-selective cytotoxic effect towards K562 cells and non-cancerous cells. The morphological changes match with characteristic of apoptosis such as cell shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies, also necrosis such as lysis of cells. In conclusion, diphenyltin (IV) alkylphenyldithiocarbamate showed great potential to be a good anti-leukemic agent. However, its specifc mechanism of action in K562 cells should be further studied to elucidate its potential as a new anticancer drug. Keywords: Diphenyltin (IV), cytotoxic, dithiocarbamate, apoptosis JK Bahg 5 (Hasnah).indd 25 6/25/2013 8:59:13 AM brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by UKM Journal Article Repository