Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01486-w A Novel Approach to Synthesize TiO 2 Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis by Using Streptomyces sp. HC1 Gözde Koşarsoy Ağçeli 1  · Hamideh Hammachi 1  · S. Pınar Kodal 2  · Nilüfer Cihangir 1  · Zümriye Aksu 2 Received: 16 January 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract A simple, yet efective and rapid approach for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) using Streptomyces sp. HC1 was developed. The in vitro activity of TiO 2 NPs was demonstrated against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various methods and instruments, such as Zetasizer, X-ray difrac- tion, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. TiO 2 NPs were observed to be spherical in shape with size in the range of 30 to 70 nm. Antimicrobial activities of TiO 2 NPs against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Candida albicans, ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275 were evaluated. It was observed that TiO 2 NPs showed higher antimicrobial activity against bacteria (12 mm) than against fungi. Moreover, TiO 2 NPs also showed potent antibioflm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Hence, the present study highlights the biological synthesis and characterization of TiO 2 NPs, and their applications in the feld of biomedical sciences. Keywords TiO 2  · Nanoparticles · Antimicrobial · Biological synthesis · Characterization 1 Introduction Nano sciences and nanotechnology have opened several new avenues for research and have led to the development of novel, useful, and sometimes unexpected applications [1]. With the development of nanotechnology, there has been an important growth in the application of nanoparticles for drug delivery systems, antimicrobial materials, cosmetics, sunscreens, electronics, and personal care products [2–5]. Generally, metallic NPs can be prepared and stabilized using chemical, physical, and biological methods. Chemi- cal approaches, such as chemical reduction, electrochemi- cal techniques, photochemical reduction, and pyrolysis, and physical methods, such as Arc discharge and physical vapor condensation are commonly used. Microorganisms have very big potential for the production of nanoparti- cles/nanodevices of wide applications [6–8]. In modern nanoscience and nanotechnology, the interaction between inorganic NPs and biological structures is one of the most rousing areas of research [9]. Overall, biological materials provide an environment friendly or greener chemical method to produce invaluable materials because biomaterial based synthesis eliminates the need for harsh or toxic chemicals [10]. Among all NPs, TiO 2 NPs are one of the most widely manufactured and used in the world [11]. They are used as additives in sunscreen products, paints, printing ink, rubber, paper, sugar, cement, toothpaste, flm, biomedical ceramic, implant biomaterials, antimicrobial plastic packaging, and self-cleaning sanitary ceramics [12–14]. Methods for bio- logical synthesis of TiO 2 NPs using bacteria, yeast, fungi, and plant extracts have been recently reported [15–18]. 2 Materials and Methods In the present study, a Streptomyces sp. HC1 was used for the production of TiO 2 NPs. Diferent parameters for the synthesis of TiO 2 NPs including TiO(OH) 2 concentration, time, temperature, and pH were optimized. The antimicro- bial activity of biologically synthesized TiO 2 NPs was evalu- ated using the disc difusion method and the efect of these * Gözde Koşarsoy Ağçeli gozdekosarsoy@hacettepe.edu.tr 1 Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey