International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 83 – No 12, December 2013 48 A n al y ti ca l Stud y of De sign Par a me te rs of Co - A xia l A n tenna forMi cr o w a v e A bl a tio n Th er apy usin g COMS O L Mul tiphy sic s Amninder Kaur Associate Professor Dronacharya College of Engg, Gurgaon Neeru Malhotra HOD ECE DAV Institute of Engg.& Technology Saniya Puri B.Tech. Student Dronacharya College of Engg, Gurgaon Bhavesh B.Tech. Student Dronacharya College of Engg, Gurgaon ABSTRACT Hyperthermia is in the interest of both, clinical and research oncologists, because of its properties to directly produce permanent damages of the treated tumors and to elicit important immunological responses against cancer cells by changing their immunogenicity. Microwave ablation (MWA) is used in the treatment of primary and secondary tumors of the liver. The purpose of this research is to study the fundamental physical mechanisms of microwave ablation of liver tissue and to utilize the results to improve microwave tumor ablation systems. In this research it has been discussed how advanced electromagnetic numerical techniques can be utilized to design the antennas for realistic human body environment. Different mathematical methods may be employed for the computation of power distributions in biological structures irradiated by a source of electromagnetic radiation. Keywords Heptocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Microwave coagulation therapy (MCT), Radiofrequency ablation (RFC). 1. INTRODUCTION Cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with an estimated 1,000,000 worldwide deaths per year. Persistent or recurrent liver disease is the major cause of both morbidity and mortality in patients with Heptocellular Carcinoma (HCC) [1].In comparison to other body parts , the liver is the most common site of distant metastasis of colorectal cancer. Nearly half of the patients suffering from colorectal cancer ultimately develop liver involvement during their diseases. As per the study conducted nearly 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed in the US each year with 57,000 deaths [2]. 1.1 Primary Liver Cancer Primary liver cancer, known as Heptocellular Carcinoma(HCC) accounts for 80%-90% of all liver cancers. Male population is more prone to this disease and it occurs more often in men than women, and occurs mostly in age group of 5-~60 years old. The disease is becoming more common in the West recently due to an increase in hepatitis cases where as it was more prevalent in parts of Africa and Asia .The factors which may lead to this disease are chronic liver disease, viral, and food toxins; tough exact root cause is still under investigation. 1.2 Secondary Liver Cancer Metastasis is the movement or spreading of cancer cells from one organ or tissue to another. The liver is a common site of metastasis from the gastrointestinal tract and from a variety of organs such as the lung, breast, colon and rectum. The liver is frequently involved since it receives blood from the abdominal organs via portal vein [3]. 2. TREATMENT OF LIVER CANCER The disease for at-risk population can be controlled with vaccines for both Hepatitis B & C, where for extirpation of tumor one must undergo the proven techniques for csncer ie chemothearpy and radiation therapy. Surgical resection is the gold standard for the treatment of patients with respectable isolated hepatic metastases with 40% 5 year and 26% 10 years survival. Cancer enters the bloodstream or lymphatic channels, travel to the liver and grow independently. Ablative treatments have started to become viable alternative methods to treat patients who cannot be treated by surgery. Such ablative treatments include cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) or also called microwave coagulation therapy (MCT), and ethanol ablation, etc. RFA has been used in clinical operations in the USA for years while MWA is still undergoing major improvements and is actively researched. Clinical trials for microwave liver ablation have been carried out in Asian countries. 3. HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT PLANNING The goal of hyperthermia treatment Planning is to define the power deposition pattern required to produce the necessary results-raising the temperature of the tumor to therapeutic levels while keeping the amount of normal tissue damage to acceptable minimum. There is a difference between the ideal temperature distribution, in which the entire tumor and none of the normal tissue is raised to therapeutic temperatures, and clinically practical temperature distributions. The goal is to maximize the volume of tumor raised to therapeutic temperatures while limiting the volume of normal tissue being damaged to a clinically acceptable value [4]. It is difficult to achieve a homogeneous temperature distribution since in most clinical hyperthermia cases heterogeneous temperature distributions are achieved for varying times. Simulations presented here can be used for the treatment of liver cancer and focus on the analysis of control of radiation patterns and power deposited within human tissue. Finite