American Journal of Economics 2017, 7(6): 274-282
DOI: 10.5923/j.economics.20170706.02
The Influence of Attitude, Subjective Norms and
Perceived Behavior Control on Entrepreneurial Intentions:
Case of Algerian Students
Benachenhou Sidi Mohammed
1,*
, Arzi Fethi
2
, Omar Belkhir Djaoued
2
1
Faculty of Economic Sciences, Abou Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
2
Faculty of Economic Sciences, Dr. Moulay Tahar University, Saida, Algeria
Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the main predictors of students' behavioral intentions on entrepreneurship.
Theoretically, this research is based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). According to the model of this theory,
entrepreneurial intentions are affected by three main factors: Attitudes toward Behavior; Social Norms, and Perceived
Behavioral Control. Empirical analysis has been carried out on a sample of 175 students from the University of Tlemcen (in
western Algeria). To test our hypotheses, we have used structural equation modeling. The findings of this study have shown
that students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship and subjective norms, have a significant effect on behavioral intentions to
entrepreneurship. On the other hand, perceived behavioral control had no significant effect.
Keywords Attitudes toward Behavior, Social Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control, Entrepreneurial Intentions and
Structural Equation Modeling
1. Introduction
Entrepreneurship is an important vocational option.
Individual work preferences are increasingly favoring
self-reliance and self-direction [10, 29, 45]. On the
macro-level, econometric research shows that new and small
businesses contribute significantly to job creation,
innovation and economic growth [20, 45]. In Algeria, like
many countries all over the world, the entrepreneurship is
establishing nowadays an inevitable lever for the
development and the strengthening of the economic
landscape. In terms of economic policies, several actions
were led by the Algerian state to encourage the
entrepreneurial initiatives especially the ones driven by the
youngsters with a university degree. A number of institutions
and plans intended to support new business start-ups were
created to this end to try to contain unemployment and to
create jobs. However, during the last decade, the new
business start-ups in several sectors seem to show a
downward trend, going consequently, against strategic
objectives. Considering this negative observation, the
researcher did not remain indifferent and began to wonder
about the factors that condition the creation of companies
among youngsters with a university degree. In order to
* Corresponding author:
benach_med@yahoo.fr (Benachenhou Sidi Mohammed)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/economics
Copyright © 2017 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
identify the main determining factors of entrepreneurial
activity, a number of studies were done in Algeria, such as
studies conducted by Benhabib (2000); Tabet (2006); Assala
(2007), Benredjem (2009), Benhabib et al., (2014a, 2014b),
Benachenhou et Boucif, (2016, 2017) to discover the reasons
that led small and medium-sized enterprises to failure. The
results of these researches concluded that the
entrepreneurship should not limit itself to the financial aspect
or to the Business plan, but should also consider the study of
the entrepreneurial behavior. In this context, a personal
analysis of the behavior of the potential entrepreneur can
widely overcome the obstacles and assure the success of the
project of creating a new firm. The entrepreneurial intention
has been considered as the key element to understanding the
new-firm creation process [17, 39]. Since the early nineties,
an increasing number of contributions employ
entrepreneurial intention models [32, 34, 35], confirming the
applicability of the concept in different settings [eg: 7, 39, 48,
40]. Several researchers have pointed out that the decision to
become an entrepreneur is a complex one, and it is the result
of intricate mental processes. In this sense, the theory of
planned behavior (TPB) developed by Ajzen (1985, 1991)
has been frequently applied to explain this mental process
leading to firm creation [38].
This research is based on psycho-social models of intent,
such as Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (1991). The
exploitation of these works in entrepreneurship by a certain
number of authors confirms their usefulness in our context,
especially since some research is specific to the Algerian