IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) ISSN: 2278-3008. Volume 4, Issue 3 (Nov. – Dec. 2012), PP 27-30 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 27 | Page Present Status And Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Of Salmonella Typhi And S. Paratyphi In Different Age Group Hospitalized Patients In Dhaka City, Bangladesh Lovely Akter 1 , Munir Hassan 2 and Zakaria Ahmed 3 1,3 Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, HBR Tower, 9 Banani C/A, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh 2 IBN Sina Diagnostic and Imaging Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multidrug resistance Salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi in Dhaka city. Patients are most susceptible to infections like typhoid fever. It is therefore a subject of interest to observe the number of incidence and antimicrobial resistant pattern of typhoidal Salmonella in patients in Dhaka city. During February to May 2012, a total of 4,115 blood samples of typhoid suspected patients were tested where 8.72% came out positive, among which 73.81% were found to be Salmonella typhi and 26.19% Salmonella paratyphi. Both these organisms were found to be susceptible to cefixime, gentamycin, ceftriaxone but were found resistant to ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (0.27%), chloramphenicol (15.04%), cotrimoxazole (17.27%), azithromycin (5.57%), nalidixic acid (100%) and erythromycin (17.82%). Based on the hypothesis of reduced susceptibility to fluroquinolones, this study has been concluded with the observation that antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in Dhaka city was reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Key Words: hospitalized patient, age group, antibiotic resistance, Salmonella spp. I. Introduction Worldwide, typhoid fever affects roughly 17 million people annually, causing nearly 6,00,000 deaths. The causative agent, Salmonella enterica typhi (referred to as Salmonella typhi), is an obligate parasite that has no known natural reservoir outside of humans. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi) and paratyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi (S. paratyphi) A, B, or C. These organisms cause disease specifically in humans. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a worldwide disease of humans and animals and it can be spread from person to person. Paratyphoid fever is usually a less serious infection with milder symptoms and causes fewer deaths (Maskalyk 2003), although it may occasionally become complicated (Rajagopal 2002). Salmonella usually produces a self-limited illness, although the duration or the severity of the symptoms may require antibiotic treatment. Salmonella spp. display high natural susceptibility levels to the most commonly used antibacterial agents. However, the occurrences of isolated Salmonella strains showing resistance to one or more antibacterial agent have steadily increased, probably due to continuous antibiotic pressure (Brisabois et al. 1997, Gallardo et al. 1999, Lawson et al. 2000, Szych et al. 2001). This is an important public health problem that may be related to therapeutic failure (Asna et al. 2003). Salmonella are the cause of two diseases called salmonellosis: enteric fever (typhoid), resulting from bacterial invasion of the bloodstream, and acute gastroenteritidis, resulting from a foodborne infection/intoxification. Typhoid fever is estimated to have caused 21·6 million illnesses and 2,16,500 deaths globally in the year 2000. There was also one case of paratyphoid fever for every four of typhoid. The global emergence of multidrug resistantstrains and of strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is of great concern. Therefore, attempts to study the pathogen associated with typhoid fever and to elucidate prevalence pattern and drug resistance are vital to the future study of antimicrobial therapy. With this point of view, the present study has been designed with the objectives to observe the prevalence rate of typhoidal Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi among the different age group patients and to observe the antimicrobial resistant pattern of clinically isolated S. typhi and S. paratyphi by antibiogram. II. Materials And Methods The study was conducted in IBN SINA Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Different media and reagents (reagent grade) were used in present study. Different samples was taken from different age group patents admitted in hospital in order to determine the previlence of Salmonella spp. where different types of antibiotics (Cefixime, Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Azithromycin, Nalidixic Acid and Erythromycin) were used against different age group patients. All the media were autoclaved at 15psi for 15 min by using an autoclave (ALP, Japan). Glassware was sterilized at 180°C for one hour in a hot air oven (Eyela, Japan) prior to use. All solutions were sterilized under the same