International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health | January 2021 | Vol 8 | Issue 1 Page 207
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Yadav P et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2021 Jan;8(1):207-211
http://www.ijcmph.com
pISSN 2394-6032 | eISSN 2394-6040
Original Research Article
Impact of severity of diabetic retinopathy on quality of life in type 2
Indian diabetic patients
Preeti Yadav, S. V. Singh, Manisha Nada*, Monika Dahiya
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important
emerging public health challenges of 21
st
century and
burden is increasing because of population growth, high
life expectancy, urbanization and sedentary life style. The
situation is more alarming in developing countries as
three-fourth of worldwide diabetes affected population is
from developing countries only. India has an estimated 77
million people with DM, which makes it the second most
affected country in the world after China.
1
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known complication
of long standing and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
which hampers patient’s physical, social and emotional
well-being leading to poor quality of life. It is a
microangiopathy affecting retinal precapillary arterioles,
capillaries and venules.
2
Nearly all patients with type 1
diabetes and >60% of patients with type 2 diabetes are
expected to have some form of retinopathy by the first
decade of incidence of diabetes.
3
Diabetic macular edema
(DME) and vitreous haemorrhage are leading cause of
legal blindness in diabetic patients. Even in cases where
retinopathy has not yet progressed to blindness, loss in
VA is a major problem and may lead to significant
reduction in functional status. DR is the third leading
cause of severe visual impairment among inner-city adults
≥40 years of age.
4
Visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy and the
cost associated with its treatment hugely affect life of
patients adversely.
5
Visual acuity and visual field
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global public health challenge of 21
st
century and diabetic retinopathy is a
common complication of long standing and poorly controlled diabetes which hampers patient’s physical, social and
emotional well-being leading to poor quality of life. Objective was to study the correlation between severity of
diabetic retinopathy and quality of life in type II DM patients.
Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and observational study was conducted in 120 patients of type II diabetes with
diabetic retinopathy in a tertiary eye care centre of North India over a period from Feb. 2019 to March 2020. After
doing initial ocular and systemic examination, each patient was interviewed in their local language as per NEI-VFQ-
25 questionnaire. The response was calibrated quantitatively and total QoL score was calculated.
Results: Out of 120 patients of diabetic retinopathy, QoL Score was 69.8-88.8 in mild NPDR, 53.2-72.4 in moderate,
37.8-58.4 in severe NPDR and 22.4-42.2 in PDR with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Median QoL
Score was highest in mild NPDR patients and lowest in PDR, which signifies that quality of life deteriorates with
severity of DR.
Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy has an adverse effect on the QoL, which increases with severity of DR.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Quality of life
Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India
Received: 08 September 2020
Revised: 05 November 2020
Accepted: 12 November 2020
*Correspondence:
Dr. Manisha Nada,
E-mail: manisha_nada@rediffmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205694