doi: 10.1111/ijun.12119 RESEARCH PAPER Predictors of prostate cancer screening intention among older men in Jordan Mohammad H. Abuadas, Wasileh Petro-Nustas, Zainab F. Albikawi and Mohammad Mari ABSTRACT Intention to prostate cancer screening (PCS) is one of the major factors affecting the long-term success of population-based PCS programmes. The aim of this study is to explore strong factors linked to intention to PCS among older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care centre within a ministry of health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for PCS and the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation in PCS were examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with intention to PCS were examined using bivariate correlation and standard multiple linear regression analysis. About 13% of the respondents were adherent to PCS over the prior decade. Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were having more intention to participate in PCS. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the intention to PCS. Intervention programmes, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented. Key words: Health belief model • Health beliefs • Intention • Predictors • Prostate cancer • Screening INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer has emerged as a major health prob- lem in industrialized nations, as well as in develop- ing countries (Stewart and Wild, 2014). It was the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in 2012, accounting for 6·6% (307 000 cases) of all cancer deaths in males (Ferlay et al., 2012). Prostate cancer incidence rates in industrial countries are higher than rates in developing countries (Stewart and Wild, 2014). However, mortality rates for prostate cancer in indus- trial countries are less than those in developing coun- tries; this could be attributed to widespread prostate Authors: M H Abuadas, PhD, RN, Professor Assistant at Al-Ghad International College for Applied medical sciences, Tabuk, Saudia Arabia; W Petro-Nustas, ScD, RN, Professor at Community Health Nursing Department, The Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Z F Albikawi, PhD, RN, Professor Assistant at Al-Ghad International College for Applied medical sciences, Tabuk, Saudia Arabia; M Mari, MSN, RN, Lecturer at Medical-Surgical Department, The Faculty of Nursing, The University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Address for correspondence: M H Abuadas, PhD, RN, Professor Assistant at Medical-Surgical Department, University of Zarqa, Nursing Faculty, Zarqa, Jordan E-mail: aboads_3@yahoo.com; mabuadas@zu.edu.jo cancer screening (PCS) in industrial countries, late stage diagnosis of cancer in developing countries and variations in male life expectancies across countries (Ferlay et al., 2012). In the USA in 2013, prostate cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with about 239 000 new cases and about 30 000 deaths, making it the second leading cause of death due to cancer among men in the USA (Siegel et al., 2013). Recent statistics have shown a significant increase in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Arab countries. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the highest age-standardized incidence rates were in Lebanon (37·2 per 100 000), South Sudan (25·5 per 100 000) and Morocco (18·5 per 100 000), while the highest mor- tality rates were in South Sudan (21·5 per 100 000), Lebanon (17 per 100 000) and Morocco (12·9 per 100 000) (Ferlay et al., 2012). According to the National Cancer Registry of Jordan, CaP ranked the third highest among males (9·4%) for cancer incidence and fourth highest (7·0%) for cancer mortality (Jordan Cancer Registry [JCR], 2010). Prostate cancer incidence has dramatically increased © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. and BAUN Int J of Urol Nurs 2017; Vol 11 No 1: 31–41 31