© Kamla-Raj 2015 Anthropologist, 21(1,2): 129-136 (2015)
Impact of Exercise Modes on Appetite Markers
Serife Vatansever
1*
, Burcin Olcucu
2
and Gul Tiryaki-Sonmez
3
1
Department of Coaching Education, School of Physical Education and Sports,
Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
E-mail: serifevatansever@yahoo.com
2
Department of Coaching Education, School of Physical Education and Sports,
Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
E-mail: burcinolcucu@hotmail.com
3
Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York,
Bronx, New York, USA
E-mail: sonmezgul@hotmail.com
KEYWORDS Exercise. Obesity. Hunger. Weight Control
ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of different acute exercise modes on appetite marker ratings.
Twelve healthy male subjects participated voluntarily in the study and written informed consent was obtained from
all subjects before participation. The subjects underwent four, 120 minute trials (exercise and control) in a
randomized crossover design. These included three exercises and one control. In the exercise trials, the subjects
performed three different exercise protocols (60 minutes exercise and 60 minutes recovery). In the control trial,
subjects rested for 2 hours. The ratings of subjective feelings of appetite markers were reported on 100 mm visual
analogue scales (VAS) at baseline and at 20, 40, 60,80, 90, 120 minutes after baseline. The visual analogue scales
(VAS) were used to measure the following appetite markers: (i) hunger, (ii) fullness, (iii) desire to eat, and (iv)
prospective food consumption. Repeated-measures, and two-factor ANOVA were used to examine differences
between the four trials over time to note appetite marker changes. Between-trial differences at each time point
were examined using a one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc tests when significant interactions were
found. The two-way ANOVAs revealed significant (P<0.05) trial x time effects (P<0.05) and time (P<0.05) effects
in all appetite markers except hunger. The exercise modes are not different from control (P>0.05) in any of the
appetite markers except for the feeling of satiety, and the differences between exercise modes are that, combined
exercises decrease the feeling of satiety more than combined exercises, and caused desire to eat and prospective
food consumption more than resistance exercises (P<0.05). In conclusion, this finding lends support for a role of
exercise in weight management.
*
Address for correspondence:
Dr. Serife Vatansever
Assoc. Prof.
School of Physical Education and Sports,
Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu,Turkey
Telephone: 90-374-253-4571
E-mail: serifevatansever@yahoo.com
INTRODUCTION
Overweight and obesity are defined as ab-
normal or excessive fat accumulation that
present a risk to health. Overweight and obesity
are major risk factors for a number of chronic
diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular dis-
eases and cancer (Deighton et al. 2014). Once
considered a problem only in high-income coun-
tries, overweight and obesity are now dramati-
cally on the rise in low- and middle-income coun-
tries, particularly in urban settings (Przybylow-
icz et al. 2014).
Given the current levels of obesity there is a
need to better understand processes of appetite
control and energy balance. The regulation
of appetite and energy intake is influenced by
numerous hormonal and neural signals, includ-
ing feedback from changes in diet and
exercise. The relationship between exercise and
appetite regulation has important implications
regarding the role of exercise in weight
management (King et al. 2015). Exercise can sup-
press subjective appetite ratings, subsequent
energy intake, and alter appetite-regulating hor-
mones for a period of time post-exercise (Howe
et al. 2014). Diet and exercise are two lifestyle
behaviors that can influence appetite and ener-
gy intake, thus, ultimately altering energy
balance.
Many researchers have studied the effect of
exercise on appetite markers. Most of these
researches on acute exercises studied the effects
of endurance and sprint-interval exercises
(Thivel et al. 2012; Deighton et al. 2013; Hago-
bian et al. 2013; Williams et al. 2013; Alkahtani et