© 2014 ACT. All rights reserved.
Key words: Blood pressure; Uric acid; Oxidative stress; Physical
exercise
Jacomini AM, Zago AS. Understanding the Infuence of Oxidative
Stress and Physical Exercise in the Relationship Between Blood
Pressure and Uric Acid. Journal of Cardiology and Therapy 2014;
1(9): 221-227 Available from: URL: http://www.ghrnet.org/index.
php/jct/article/view/943
INTRODUCTION
Arterial Hypertension (HT) has been considered one of the main risk
factors for cardiovascular diseases and, one of the biggest problems
of public health
[1-3]
. Studies point for a prevalence above 30%
within Brazilian adult population, which values increase even more
with aging, reaching 50% between 60 and 69 years old and 75%
in individuals above 70 years old
[2]
. These data are similar in Latin
America countries
[4]
and United States
[5]
.
With the increasing number of elderly population and the problems
associated with aging, especially HT, there is a rising demand for
health services
[6]
. In 2001, around 7.6 millions of deaths in the world
were assigned to high blood pressure, which most of them are in
Countries with low or medium economic development and most of
individuals between 45 and 69 years old
[2]
.
Because it is considered a chronic degenerative disease, HT
has several factors involved in its etiology
[2,7,8]
, such as genetic
and environmental factors, stress, poor diet, and others. However,
it has been observed in several studies that, independently of the
etiological factor, a large portion of hypertensive individuals present
a hyperuricemia profile, which is considered a metabolic disorder
marked by the excess of urate in blood. This number can reach about
25%
[9-12]
or, according to Heinig et al
[12]
who found that 89% of
teenagers with essential HT presented uric acid (UA) concentrations
upper to 5.5 mg/dL, whereas no one of the normotensive teenagers
presented high levels of UA. Similar results were found by Assob
André Mourão Jacomini, Faculty of Medicine, University of São
Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Anderson Saranz Zago, Department of Physical Education, UN-
ESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brazil
Correspondence to: Anderson Saranz Zago, PhD, Department of
Physical Education, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. Eng. Luiz
Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bairro: Vargem Limpa, 17033-360,
Bauru, SP, Brazil.
Email: aszago@fc.unesp.br
Telephone: +55-14-3103-6082 (Extension 7991)
Received: September 30, 2014 Revised: November 20, 2014
Accepted: Novermber 22, 2014
Published online: December 10, 2014
ABSTRACT
Due to the high incidence and prevalence of hypertension, especially
in the elderly population, several studies have been developed to
understand the relationship between etiological factors and blood
pressure control. It has been demonstrated that hypertensive patients
tend to present a status of hyperuricemia. This result suggested
that there is a relationship between blood pressure and uric acid
concentrations. However there is still a lack of studies that focus on
this relationship, and especially how physical exercise could affect
the relationship between both of them. Thus, the purpose of this
study is to review and discuss the relationship between hypertension
and uric acid concentration pointing the oxidative stress as the main
factor of this relationship and discuss the physical exercise as the
main preventive factor of high uric acid concentrations and oxidative
stress. It has been described an increase in oxidative stress during the
uric acid pathway because the high production of anions superoxide.
This in turn, increases the activation of renin-angiotensin system and
decreases nitric oxide bioavailability which will compromise the
vasodilatation mechanism. However physical exercises have been
associated with improvements in antioxidant capacity and nitric
oxide production and bioavailability which will improve the blood
pressure control.
REVIEW
Understanding the Influence of Oxidative Stress and
Physical Exercise in the Relationship Between Blood
Pressure and Uric Acid
André Mourão Jacomini, Anderson Saranz Zago
221 © 2014 ACT. All rights reserved.
Journal of Cardiol Ther 2014 December 10 1(9): 221-227
ISSN 2309-6861(print), ISSN 2312-122X(online)
Online Submissions: http://www.ghrnet.org/index./jct/
doi:10.6051/j.issn.2309-6861.2014.01.57
Journal of
Cardiology and Therapy