International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958 (Online), Volume-9 Issue-5, June 2020 1297 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: E9989069520/2020©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.E9989.069520 Journal Website: www.ijeat.org Innovative Technologies for Construction of Rural Road Pavements using Local Resources Adarsh Kumar Tiwari, Shashwat Nagar, A.K.Shukla Abstract- Connectivity in rural areas is a key aspect of its holistic development. Rural roads are low traffic volume roads. In this paper, study has been done on the construction methodology of rural roads using local resources i.e., local labour, local materials etc. Locally available stones, cobbles, plum etc. have been used with concrete mix. This study throws light on three types of rigid pavements which follow the evolution of Roman road construction methods. These are Cobblestone pavements (CSPs), Plum Concrete pavements (PCPs) and Un-reinforced Concrete pavements (UCPs). This paper discuss about the materials used and the construction methodology of all these three types of rigid pavement. The paper also presents an outline of locally available materials which helps in reducing the overall cost of construction of pavements. Keywords- Cobblestone pavements, Local Resources, Plum Concrete pavements, Un-reinforced Concrete pavements I. INTRODUCTION As per Basic Road Statistics of India 2016-2017, rural roads account for 70.65% of the total road length in India. The length of rural road network is 41.67 lakh km. Further, rural areas account for 68.84% of India’s population (Census 2011). Therefore by improving rural road connectivity, economic growth of the country can be improved. Fig.1 India’s Road Network (Source: Basic Road Statistics of India 2016-2017) For people residing in rural areas rural connectivity becomesaa critical issue for the social and economic development. The condition of rural people can be changed by investing in rural roads construction. It can be seen that there is unequal development of the rural road network in the country. Revised Manuscript Received on June 30, 2020. * Correspondence Author Adarsh Kumar Tiwari*, Civil Engineering Department, IET Lucknow, India. Email: adarshkrtiwari@gmail.com Shashwat Nagar, Civil Engineering Department, IET Lucknow, India. Email: shashwat1560.11@bitmesra.ac.in A. K. Shukla, Civil Engineering Department, IET Lucknow, India. Email: arvind.shukla@ietlucknow.ac.in © The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) Problems of insufficient funds for construction, maintenance and rehabilitation of existing rural roads are the bigger task. Therefore, there is need of innovative methodology for the construction of rural roads which is cost-effective. This can be achieved by utilising various locally available materials, labours etc. Local resources can be human resources, local government, NGO and community institutions, locally made or fabricated hand tools or intermediate equipment, local materials such as locally produced aggregates, timber and other materials or inputs. II. TYPES OF PAVEMENT a) Cobblestone pavements (CSPs), b) Plum Concrete pavements (PCPs) and c) Un-reinforced Concrete pavements (UCPs) III. CONSTRUCTION OF COBBLESTONE PAVEMENTS This type of pavement is used for rural road construction where rock material is easily available. Further this road is suitable for medium to high traffic densities. It is also suitable for steep longitudinal gradient road. For stone surfacing natural shape of stone is used and it is placed manually so that one can achieve minimum voids in between the stones. For this purpose the size of joint is kept minimum. Fig. 2 Cobblestone Pavement (Source: Manual Pavement-Labour Based Technology for Rural Road Works) A. Materials used in construction i) Stones The stone that has to be used in construction of pavement must be durable, hard, clean, and free from loose materials. Stones which are cracked and hollow sections should not be used in construction of pavement. Generally cubical or rectangular stones are used. 1.94 2.97 9.94 70.65 8.93 5.58 NH SH DR RR UR PR