Follow Up of Patients with Rate-Adaptive
Pacemakers
C.P. LAU!
Introduction
Rate adaptation to exercise and non-exercise requirements is an important means by
which a physiological pacing system can optimise haemodynamics [1, 2],
symptomatology [3, 4], quality of life [5], hormonal function [6] and circadian blood
pressure variability [7] in patients with bradycardia. However, in order for an
implantable sensor to function optimally, judicious programming and follow up of
these patients are mandatory. Besides routine assessment of battery and electrode
status like the follow up of all conventional pacemaker recipients, special attention to
the sensor and algorithms of rate adaptation will be necessary (Table 1).
Clinical Assessment
Symptom assessment is perhaps the most important aspect of follow up of patients
with rate-adaptive pacemakers. Adverse symptoms such as palpitations may suggest
Table 1. Follow up of patients with rate-adaptive pacemakers.
Types Details
Clinical Symptoms (e.g., palpitations, breathlessness, angina)
Well-being
Programming
Special problems
Haemodynamics and exercise capacity
Lower and upper rates
Speed of rate adaptation at onset and termination of exercise
Matching sensor level to different workloads
Choice of A V interval, post-ventricular atrial refractory period and
upper tracking rate in DDDR pacemakers.
Pacemaker syndrome, myopotential interference, pacemaker- and
sensor-mediated tachycardias
1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary
Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
E. Alt et al. (eds.), Rate Adaptive Cardiac Pacing
© Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 1993