vv Annals of Musculoskeletal Medicine CC By 017 Medical Group http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amm.000014 DOI Citation: Malakoutikhah M, Sepidarkish M, Sarsangi V, Zakerian SA (2018) 4Work-family conflict and musculoskeletal disorders among wait staff- results from touristic city Isfahan, Iran. Ann Musculoskelet Med 2(1): 017-022. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amm.000014 Research Article 4Work-family conflict and musculoskeletal disorders among wait staff- results from touristic city Isfahan, Iran Mahdi Malakoutikhah 1 , Mahdi Sepidarkish 2 , Vali Sarsangi 3 and Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian 4 * 1 Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2 Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 3 Ph.D student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Received: 07 August, 2018 Accepted: 20 August, 2018 Published: 21 August, 2018 *Corresponding author: Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Teh- ran, Iran, E-mail ID: Keywords: Work-family conflict; Musculoskeletal disorders; Hotel https://www.peertechz.com Introduction The arrival of international tourists has witnessed a global increase from 25 to 1186 million between 1950 and 2015 [1]. This industry has created about 240 million jobs between these years, which is about 10.6 percent of the job opportunities in the world [2]. Hotels make up the most significant division in the tourism industry and for the sake of their survival and profitability, servicing with high quality is essential for them [3,4]. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO 2016), the Americas, Asia and the Pacific registered an almost 6% escalation in the arrival of international tourists, with Iran being the second highest country in South Asia [1]. Tourism and the hotel industry are of extreme importance in the Iranian economy and this sector has witnessed an elevation in tourism resources, along with the total number of tourists. A total foreign tourists population of 4.7 million in 2013 gave Iran (Islamic Republic of), a first time global ranking of 48 th since the inception of the Islamic Revolution and in more details, about 5 million tourists visited Iran in 2014, which justified the more than USD 8 million from tourism expenditure in that year [5]. The collection of hotels has experienced an upsurge due to a large number of travelers that come to Iran. According to statistics in 2010, the country has 782 hotels in various cities [6]. Attendants of the hotels and restaurants (wait staff) are among the people who mostly encounter guests in a face- to-face contact basis. This mode of encounter increases the pressure on these people compared with other sectors [7]. When working in hotels the pressure becomes inevitable with time, and impacts negatively on the physical status of attendants. According to Sampson et al (2014), the nature of the work at hotels includes unpredictable interaction with guests, working for long hours, night work, repetitive work, unmet requirements and low income [7]. Studies also show that the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the industry is 1.9 times higher than that of other service jobs [8]. With the expansion of the industry, there is a growing necessity for services to tourists, and this subsequently can lead to an escalation in musculoskeletal disorders among workers [9,10]. The relationship between career associated Abstract Background: This investigation undertook to corroborate the alarming regions concerning the elements that impact work–family dispute among hotel employees in Isfahan, Iran. Method: Data were composed of wait staff workers of 4 or 5-star (or in some rating First Class and Luxury) hotels, and gathered from 150 people by questionnaire that had three sections: demographic, musculoskeletal disorders and work-family conflict. The statistical analysis was done by running Stata version 13. Result: Among the existing participants, 93 cases were reported having had symptoms in at least a single body region. The prevalence of the12-months of WRMSDs was 74.4% (CI95%: 66.64-82.15). As can be seen, the right ankle and right foot were the most prevalent body region having discomfort or pain 47.24% (CI95%:38.44-56.04). The final findings of our study depicted that the association of both time and strain-based work intervention with musculoskeletal disorders was significant statistically. Conclusion: work-family conflict as a social stressor, specifically in terms of time and strain can highly impact the development of musculoskeletal disorders.