Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
J Polym Environ
DOI 10.1007/s10924-017-0953-1
ORIGINAL PAPER
Infuence of Plasticizers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties
of Methyl Cellulose-Based Edible Films
Awais Khan
1
· Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
1
· Salman Raza Naqvi
1
· Wasif Farooq
1,2
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Abbreviations
DTGA Diferential thermal gravimetric analysis
FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GLY Glycerol
MA Malic acid
MC Methyl cellulose
PEG’s Polyethylene glycols
PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
RH Relative humidity
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
SOR Sorbitol
T
g
Glass transition temperature
TGA Thermo-gravimetric analysis
WVP Water vapor permeability
XRD X-ray difraction
Introduction
In recent years, a remarkable amount of research has been
devoted for the development of biodegradable polymers
and their blends due to the increased environmental con-
cerns associated with synthetic polymers and the scarcity
of the fossil fuels [1, 2]. Polysaccharide and protein-based
flms and coatings have received an enormous amount of
attention in the recent days, as excellent candidates for
edible food packaging. Among this class of biopolymers
are cellulose derivate; that are abundant, non-toxic, renew-
able and biodegradable [3, 4]. Cellulose is the most abun-
dant organic polymer in the biosphere [5]. Methyl cellulose
(MC) is non-ionic water soluble ether that is produced by
the alkali treatment of cellulose, followed by the reac-
tion with methyl halide (or dimethyl sulfate) [5]. It is least
hydrophilic among of the water soluble cellulose ethers
[6]. MC is extensively used in food, pharmaceutical and
Abstract Methyl cellulose (MC) flms plasticized with
malic acid (MA) and sorbitol (SOR) were prepared by
casting solution and the infuence of plasticizers at difer-
ent concentrations (10, 20 and 30/100 g dry MC) on the
mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. A
decrease in tensile strength of the plasticized flms was
observed with increase in quantity of plasticizer. On the
contrary, percentage elongation at break increased with
an increase in plasticizer concentration that was more pro-
nounced in SOR plasticized flms. Films prepared with
SOR exhibited higher water afnity and resulted in greater
moisture absorption. Thermal stability was reduced with
the addition of plasticizers and the SOR flm samples were
more thermally resistant as compared to MA-added flms.
FTIR analysis demonstrated the hydrogen bonding interac-
tions between the functional groups of MC and plasticizers.
The SEM micrographs of all the flms showed a smooth
and homogeneous surface morphology. The X-ray difrac-
tion analysis suggested a semi-crystalline nature of the
plasticized flms.
Keywords Methyl cellulose · Edible flm · Mechanical
properties · Plasticizer
* Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
m.b.k.niazi@scme.nust.edu.pk
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences
and technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Mineral (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia