_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: elumalaip.sdc@saveetha.com; Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 33(61A): 364-371, 2021; Article no.JPRI.77862 ISSN: 2456-9119 (Past name: British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Past ISSN: 2231-2919, NLM ID: 101631759) Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Lippia nodiflora Leaf Extract on Lung Cancer Cells M. Ashritha a , P. Elumalai b* , S. Raghunandhakumar b , T. Lakshmi b and Anitha Roy b a Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India. b Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India -600 077,India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JPRI/2021/v33i61A35596 Open Peer Review History: This journal follows the Advanced Open Peer Review policy. Identity of the Reviewers, Editor(s) and additional Reviewers, peer review comments, different versions of the manuscript, comments of the editors, etc are available here: https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/77862 Received 20 October 2021 Accepted 27 December 2021 Published 28 December 2021 ABSTRACT Background: Lung cancer, also known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is a kind of cancer that begins in the lung parenchyma or inside the bronchi. In the United States, it is one of the top causes of cancer-related fatalities. Lippia nodiflora is a flowering, broadleaf plant native to South America. Lippia nodiflora has been used as a natural medicine for a number of disorders due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor characteristics. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the anticancer effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract on lung cancer. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract was assessed by an MTT assay. The A-549 cells were treated with different concentrations of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract (10-120 μg) for 24h. Analysis of changes in the cell morphology is examined by phase contrast microscope. For the nuclear morphological changes analysis, DAPI staining was used in lung cancer cells. The apoptotic nuclei were viewed under a fluorescent microscope. Results: In our study, Lippia nodiflora leaf extract treated cells showed significant reduction of cell viability in lung cancer cells. 50% of the inhibition was observed in a 20 μg/ml concentration, which has been taken as the inhibitory concentration (IC-50) which was used for further analyses. The pro-apoptotic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract in A549 cell line was determined by DAPI staining under a fluorescence microscope. Lippia nodiflora leaf extract treatment alters the nuclear Original Research Article