International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-2, December 2019
4910
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: B6236129219/2019©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B6236.129219
Abstract: Aluminium metal matrix composite with a
combination of Al6061 as base matrix and B4C as particulate up
to 0 to 3% by weight in the steps of 1 wt% is manufactured by
liquid metallurgy method by stir casting process. The choice of the
process has been concluded from the literature survey and is
tabulated. The steps involved in the processing of composite have
been reported in detail. A conventional stir casting technique and
the steps followed are recorded. The different process parameters
controlled during the process have been reported. With the
processing of the composite, the chemical stability between the
particulate and the alloy matrix as known from its properties has
been ascertained. The addition of wettability agent and thus its
effect has been discussed. The optical microscope images of the
processed composite have been presented in the paper as an
indication to successful fabrication of composite. Based on the
images, distribution of particulates in matrix alloy and possible
reasons for this to get exhibited have been discussed. The paper
aims at bridging the gap of essentials of wetting of solid
particulates and the practice of casting.
Keywords: Metal matrix composites, Particulate
reinforcement, Wettability, Bonding
I. INTRODUCTION
The extraordinary performance of composite materials
compared with monolithic materials has been widely studied
by investigators [1-4]. The earthenware particulates filled
composite materials display improved resistance for
indentation and found applications like automobile segments
as cylinder, pistons, calipers, cylinder rings, microwave
channel, vibrator segment, contactors, impellers and space
structures [5]. Amongst Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
Aluminum (Al) composites have demonstrated excellent
mechanical properties [6-8]. Sliding speed and distance,
weight percentages of reinforcement and applied load has
considerable impact on height loss due to friction and wear of
Al6061 and Al6061-TiO
2
composites [9, 10]. The
straightforward reason behind damage and following disaster
of parts of machine are wear [11-13].
The goal is fabrication of Al-MMCs was compatibility of Al
or its alloy with oxides, nitrides and carbides to achieve the
properties that are attributed to both of them. The properties
that are usually attributed to Al-MMCs are better physical and
mechanical properties compared to conventional metal and
are usually in between that of matrix alloy (in this paper
Aluminium) and that of oxides, nitrides and carbides which
Revised Manuscript Received on December 05, 2019.
* Correspondence Author
Veeresh Kumar G B*, Associate Dean (SA), National Institute of
technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Ulhas K Annigeri, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita
School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
T Srinivas Rao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School
of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
are added as reinforcement. Aluminium has good ductility,
strength and light in weight whereas carbides are having good
strength and stiff although they are brittle [14]. Al, boron
carbide and alumina for example possess comparable
mechanical characteristics: Young‟s moduli are 71, 380 &
362GPa respectively and tensile strength 190-250, 255.2 and
261MPa respectively. With compatibility of these three
materials, a metal matrix composite is produced which gives a
maximum tensile strength of 68.24MPa [15]. There are
different fabrication methods available for particulate filled
MMCs; stir casting is dominantly used route to fabricate since
it is easy, pliable and applicable for high quantity production,
another advantage that is unique to this process is the
conventional method of its procedure of manufacturing. It is
also one of the economical processes of fabrication and is
useful in production of large sized components [16]. The cost
incurred by this casting method is 33% - 50% of that
compared to other methods and for a very large production;
the cost can fall down to 10% of other methods [17]. Stir
casting technique can be used to manufacture composites with
a maximum quantity of reinforcement up to 30% by volume
with good bonding of matrix and reinforcement [18]. It is
found out from literature survey that stir casting produces a
composite that enhances the properties as compared to a
monolithic metal. In this study it was to ascertain the
fabrication feasibility with a wettability agent and hence the
distribution of the boron carbide in the Al6061 alloy after
fabrication of the composite since it is reported that the other
combinations such as Al-SiC are reactive systems [19]. There
has been very little research with boron carbide as
reinforcement due to high raw material cost. Boron carbide is
a hard-ceramic particle with good strength and wear
resistance. It has excellent chemical and thermal stability. It is
useful in applications such as bullet proof vests, neutron
absorber in nuclear plants and armor tanks [20]. It has higher
hardness and lower density as compared to SiC and Al2O3.
The other commonly used fabrication process for MMCs is
the powder metallurgy where the powders of reinforcement
and Aluminium alloy are blended, sintered and worked
plastically.
Table 1 Differentiation for particulate reinforced MMCs
[21]
Process Attributes
Stir Casting
Near to net shape process, can use ingots rather than
powders and is least expensive
Powder metallurgy
No near to net shape process, Higher amount of
reinforcement can be added, costly
Squeeze Casting
Net shapes can be produced, molds and presses are
costly to fabricate
Stir casting process for fabrication of Al-MMCs involves
melting the aluminium or its alloy
in a crucible and incorporating the
reinforcement in the vortex
Manufacturing Feasibility of Al6061and Boron
Carbide Particulate Reinforcement to Cast a
Metal Matrix Composite with Wettability Agent
Veeresh Kumar G B, Ulhas K Annigeri, T Srinivas Rao,