Veget Hist Archaeobot (1997) 6:1-8
Vegetation History
and
Archaeobotany
© Springer-Verlag 1997
Late- and post-glacial vegetation and climate history of the south-
western Taymyr Peninsula, central Siberia, as revealed by pollen
analysis of a core from Lake Lama
Jiirgen Hahne and Martin Melles
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam,
Germany
Received April 15, 1996 / Accepted September 9, 1996
This paper is dedicated to Hans-Jfirgen Beug on the oc-
casion of his 65th birthday.
Abstract. On the Taymyr Peninsula and Severnaya
Zemlya Archipelago, Central Siberia, a joint German/
Russian multidisciplinary research project focuses on
the Late Quaternary history of climate and environment.
Within the scope of this project, palynological studies
were carried out on a 10.8-m core from Lama Lake, situ-
ated in the south-west of the research area. The core,
which did not reach the base of the lacustrine sediments,
reveals the vegetation and climate history of the last
17 000 years and demonstrates that this area was not gla-
ciated during that time. The Pleistocene/Holocene tran-
sition is, as elsewhere in the northern hemisphere, char-
acterized by increased temperatures during the Boiling,
Allerod and Preboreal with interruptions during the
Older (post-Boiling) and Younger Dryas events. The
Holocene climate optimum at Lama Lake probably oc-
curred within the Boreal period, when dense larch for-
ests developed. The Atlantic period was characterized by
warm conditions that favoured the establishment of
larch-spruce forests, though a climatic deterioration is
also recorded. During the Subboreal, spruce fluctuated
in importance, on the basis of which it is suggested that
there were two cool periods with an intervening warm
period. Since 3000 B.P., the climate has become consid-
erably cooler and forests have degenerated. During the
last 1000 years, unfavourable climate conditions have
resulted in a forest tundra and widespread tundra com-
munities developing in the Lama Lake region.
Key words: Central Siberia - Palaeoclimatology -
Palynology - Late Weichselian - Holocene
Introduction
The northern part of central Siberia represents a transi-
tion zone between west and east Siberia with respect to
both present climate and past climate change. Whilst
west Siberia is characterized by a marine-influenced eli-
Correspondence to: Jiirgen Hahne
mate, the climate in east Siberia is much more continen-
tal due to the Asian anticyclone (Gavrilova 1981;
Makeev et al. 1991). During the Late Weichselian,
higher precipitation in west Siberia led to the formation
of the Eurasian ice sheet, whereas most parts of east Si-
beria remained unglaciated. The extent of the west Sibe-
rian glaciation, however, is still debated (Fig. 1), Ac-
cording to Grosswald (1977), nearly the whole Taymyr
Peninsula was ice covered (maximum variant). On the
Fig. 1. Map showing the extent of the Late-Weichselian gla-
ciation of Eurasia (minimum and maximum variants after
Velichko et al. 1984)
other hand, the reconstruction by Velichko et al. (1984)
showed the glaciation as restricted to the Putoran Plateau
(minimum variant; Figs. 1, 2).
To improve our poor knowledge about the Late Qua-
ternary environment and climate history in this sensitive
transition zone between west and east Siberia, a
multidisciplinary research project was initiated, starting
with a pilot expedition in summer 1993 (Melles et al.
1994a). In cooperation with several German and Russian
institutes, this project includes sites along a transect
from the town of Norilsk in the south, via the Taymyr
Peninsula, to the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the
north. These areas cover the entire spectrum of arctic
landscapes and vegetation zones (Fig. 2).
Palynologieal investigations along this transect, car-
ried out on lake cores and permafrost sequences, are ex-
pected to yield information relating to migrations in the