IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 9, Issue 12 Ver. I (Dec. 2016), PP 09-11 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/2380-0912010911 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page Chemical Castration of Adult and non-Adult Male Dogs with Sodium Chloride Solution Ibrahim Canpolat 1 , Enis Karabulut 1 , Yesari Eroksuz 2 1 Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 2 Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Abstract: This study evaluated intra-testicular injection of sodium chloride for chemical-castration in 12 mix bred dogs (6 adult and 6 non-adult). The sodium chloride at 20% concentration per testis were injected intratesticularly until tension occurs and the testicles were removed with the open surgical technique about 30 days for histopathologic evaluation. Testicular swelling was evident in both group dogs following injection and reached peak within 48 hours. While testicular volume decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both group after 2-4 weeks. The testicles underwent atrophy at the 30 th day in non-adult group with nomarked alteration in adult group. Though only 3 non-adult dogs were sterile, other adult dogs maintained androgenesis. It was concluded that intra-testicular injections of sodiumchloride at 20% concentration administration may not be accepted as a suitable alternative to the open surgical technique for castration in adult dogs but could be used as a preferable treatment option non adult dogs. Keywords: Chemical, castration, dog, sodium chloride. I. Introduction Chemical sterilization is tried on the males of some species including monkeys, hamsters, rabbits, rats and dogs by intratesticular injection of several agents such as ferric chloride (1), danazol (2), BCG (3), zinc tannate (4), glycerol (5, 6), DBCP (7), lactic acid (8), zinc arginine (9), sodium fluoride (10), formaline (11) and calcium chloride (12, 13, 14), zinc gluconate (15), chlorhexidine digluconate (16), hypertonic saline (17, 18). Yet, an effective chemical sterilizing agent has not been established. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of intratesticular injection of sodium chloride at 20% concentration on chemosterilization outcome of the young and adult male dogs. II. Material and Methods All experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Firat University of Animal Hospital Committee. In the study, 6 adult (22-45 kg, 2-4 years old) and 6 non-adult (3-8 kg, 1-3 months old) male dogs were used. They were divided adult and non-adult into two groups. The hypertonic solution was prepared by dissolving sodium chloride (200 g/L) in pure water. After dilution, the 20% NaCl solution was autoclaved in 100 mL glass bottles and stored at 4 o C until use. To perform intra-testicular injection or surgical castration, animal’s scrotal skin were disinfected using iodine solution. Both procedures were performed under general anesthesia (propofol 6ml/kg and %3 sevoflurane). The sodium chloride at 20% solution were injected intra- testicularly using a needle until tension occurs both groups. Trans-scrotal testicular ultrasonography was performed with 7.5-5 Mhz linear probe (Pie medical, ScanVet-200) prior to the intratesticular injection and once a day for week following intratesticular injection and then one week intervals up to the end of the study. During this examination, the ultrasonographic appearance of a testis was evaluated and its height (h), width (W) and length (l) was measured. The volume of the testis was estimated using Volume= (π/6) X (w X h X l) equation. The testes all dogs removed surgicaly at 30 days and fixed and prepared for histologic evaluation with routine processing procedures. Histopathological method: After 60th day of the procedure, testicles were collected and fixed in 10% formaline and embedded in paraffine using the standard procedure. Paraffine blocks, sectioned in 5 micrometer mounted on slides and stained with hematoxyline and eosine. Statistical analyses was performed paired sample t-test. All data are presented as mean ± SEM (Standard Error of the Mean). The level of significance was set at p<0.05. III. Result and Discussion Testicular swelling was evident in all dogs of both groups following injection and reached peak within 48 hours. The testicular volume decreased significantly (P<0.05) in non-adult dogs after 3 weeks, no significant change occurred in adult dogs (P>0.05). Ultrasonographic examination one day after drug injection revealed the testicular tissue of all animals of both groups to present diffuse echotexture and increased echogenite. The