GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 22, NO. 14, PAGES 1841-1844, JULY 15, 1995
Coronal streamers and fine scale structures of the
low latitude corona as detected with Spartan 201-01
white light coronagraph
Madhulika Guhathakurta I and Richard R. Fisher
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771
Abstract.
The solar corona was observedwith an externally oc-
culted White Light Coronagraph carried on the SPAR-
TAN 201-01 spacecraft for a 47 hour period beginning
on April 11, 1993. At this phase of the descending solar
magnetic activity cycle there were well developed coro-
nal helmet streamers located over both the east and
west limbs of the sun. Of additional interest in the
SPARTAN data are the finer scale streamer structures
observed in the low latitude coronawhich are partially
resolvedby the SP201-01 instrument. The purpose of
this investigation was to determine the physical and
morphological characteristics of the streamers and the
fine scale ray structures observed in the region between
streamers. A comparison of theselow latitude rays with
the polar rays observedin the north and south polar
holes during the same flight suggest that they havesim-
ilar morphology and physicalcharacteristics.
Introduction
The SPARTAN 201-01 Mission had as its scientific
goalthe investigation of the physical conditions of the
solar coronaand the coronal-heliospheric interface. The
large-scale features of this part of the sun's atmosphere
include both helmet streamer structures and coronal
holes. Coronal holes with low density and open mag-
netic field regionare associated with the generation of
highspeed streams of material found in the solar wind.
low speed solar wind on the other hand is speculated
to come from high density regions as those observed in
the quiet sun regionwhich surround the active regions
and the helmet streamer type structures.
In this investigation we presentfine scalestructure
analysis of the streamers on the east limb and the re-
gion between these streamers, utilizing the space-based
SPARTAN 201-01 whitelight coronagraph (WLC) and
theground based Mk-III K-coronameter polarized bright-
ness (pB)observations, and present their morphological
and physical characteristics. Fromhereon we referto
thisregion asstreamer/inter-streamer region. With pB
1Also at PhysicsDepartment, The Catholic University of
America, D.C.
known, it is possible to obtain model dependent distri-
butions of the coronal electron density and the gradi-
ent of electron density, also known as the density scale-
height parameter [Fisher and Guhathakurta, 199d].
White Light Coronagraph
The WLC is an externally occulted coronagraph,
third in the series of the HAO orbital instruments,
which incorporatesa polarimeter is sensitive to the state
of linear polarization. This instrument has three fea-
tures which differfrom the two previous (SkyLab ATM
and Solar Maximum Mission)devices. The detector
usedis an RCA charge coupled device (CCD) which
has anoperational bandpass of 500 ]k FWHM centered
on4800 ]k.Thefirst external occulting disk is notcir-
cular but is serrated in an effort to control diffraction
effectsat this point in the instrument. Finally, the po-
larimeter is constructed such that the rotating analyzer
is locatedat an imageof the objective rather than adja-
cent to the final imageplane. The result is a decrease in
optical noise dueto retarder (analyzer) inhomogeneity.
The SP201 WLC usesa flight spare doublet objective
lense3.5 cm in clear aperture which was fabricated for
the SMM Coronagraph/Polarimeter instrument. The
WLC instrument is approximately 3 m in length and
fits into half of the 42 cm diameter instrument carrier
module provided by the SPARTAN 201 spacecraft.
The WLC has an optical configuration which off sets
the occulting disk in the field of view and allowsabout
180 degrees of position angle to be viewedout to an al-
titude of 3 Re above the limb (Figure1). The extreme
fieldof view extends to 6 R© opposite the occulting disk
stem,and the occulting diskdiameter is 1.25 R©. This
is different from the previous ATM and SMM instru-
ments which had occulting diskswhich were somewhat
larger and restricted the inner limit of the field of view
to approximately 2/i•©. The CCD format was256 x 320
pixels each of which subtended 22.5 arc seconds in the
final image plane(Figure1). Details of Mauna Loa K
coronameter data are provided in Fisher et al., [1981].
Observations
Copyright 1995 by the American Geophysical Union.
Papernumber 95GL01603
0094-8534/95/95GL-01603503.00
Four images were selected, each, from Mk-III, and
WLC aboard SPARTAN 201, on 11th of April, 1993, to
reduce systematic errors in the photometric reduction
of data. A typical display of these images is presented
1841