~ 38 ~ International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2023; 9(1): 38-41 ISSN Print: 2394-7489 ISSN Online: 2394-7497 IJADS 2023; 9(1): 38-41 © 2023 IJADS www.oraljournal.com Received: 04-10-2022 Accepted: 13-12-2022 Abdurahman Musbah Elmezwghi Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Tripoli Tripoli, Libya Nuri Mustafa Alarabi Lecturer Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Faculty of Dentistry. University of Tripoli Tripoli, Libya Abeer Hussein Elsagali Associated Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department Faculty Dentistry, University of Tripoli Tripoli, Libya Naima M El-Kakalli Lecturer Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Tripoli Tripoli, Libya Ahmed Mustafa Keshlaf Assistant Professor Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology Department Faculty Dentistry, University of Tripoli Tripoli, Libya Ashraf M Balha Research Assistant, National Center of Diseases Control Ministry of Health Tripoli, Libya Corresponding Author: Abdurahman Musbah Elmezwghi Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Tripoli Tripoli, Libya Regional odontodysplasia involving maxillary right quadrant treated by dental implant prosthetic rehabilitation: A review and case report Abdurahman Musbah Elmezwghi, Nuri Mustafa Alarabi, Abeer Hussein Elsagali, Naima M El-kakalli, Ahmed Mustafa Keshlaf and Ashraf M Balha DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/oral.2023.v9.i1a.1654 Abstract Regional odontodysplasia (ROD) is a rare dental anomaly that can affect deciduous and permanent dentition. This unique dental abnormality involves enamel, dentin, pulp, and dental follicle. ROD has a prevalence of less than 1:1.000.000 and the age at the time of diagnosis ranges from 1 to 23 years. Females are slightly more affected than males at a ratio of 1.4:1. The maxilla is affected twice as often as the mandible. The aetiology of ROD is still unknown and conditions such as viral infections, local trauma, vascular defects, irradiation, metabolic disturbance, rhesus incompatibility and medications during pregnancy have been suggested as possible causes. The diagnosis is usually made by clinical and radiographic findings. Generally, the affected teeth fail to erupt, but when erupted, they are small, hypoplastic, or hypocalcified with deep pits and clefts which could be connecting the pulp. Radiographically, the affected teeth show a typical “ghost-like” appearance. The affected teeth have large pulp chambers and short roots with open apices. The treatment of ROD is controversial. It is widely accepted that implant-supported single-unit crowns represent a reliable treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth with favourable outcomes. The objective of this review and reported case highlights epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and implant treatment modality. Keywords: Regional odontodysplasia, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment Introduction ROD is a rare dental anomaly of unknown cause that affects both deciduous and permanent teeth [1] . ROD is also known as odontogenesis imperfecta, odontogenic dysplasia and non- hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta, and ghost teeth, in which both ectodermal- and mesodermal-derived tooth tissues are affected [2] . This condition was probably first described by Hitchin (1934) [3] . The first review of this condition was published by McCall and Wald in 1947, but the term "odontodysplasia" was presented by Zegarelli et al in 1963 [4] . In the late 1970s, Pindborg added the term 'regional' to emphasize the local nature of this condition [5] . The ROD presents clinical, radiological, and histopathological features that support the diagnosis [6] . This unique dental anomaly affects the enamel, dentin, pulp, and dental follicle and generally disturbs teeth in one quadrant [7] . Other disorders that share some features with ROD include dentine dysplasia types I and II, shell teeth, rickets, hypophosphatasia and amelogenesis imperfecta. However, it should be noted that, unlike ROD, all of these conditions affect the entire dentition, in contrast to the partial involvement seen in ROD [8] . Occasionally, ROD is associated with other conditions such as vascular nevi, affected hemifacial malformations, hydrocephalus, and hypophosphatasia [9] . Developmental dental abnormalities can lead to esthetic and functional dilemmas if left untreated. Implant-supported single crowns are generally accepted as a reliable treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth with perfect treatment outcomes in terms of high implant survival and steady peri-implant marginal bone ranges [10] .