Acta Scientific DENTAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2581-4893) Volume 4 Issue 11 November 2020 Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon zylanicum (True Cinnamon) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) Herbal Extracts Versus Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medication against Enterococcus faecalis in Single Rooted Premolars Teeth: A Randomized In Vitro Study Hisham (El-sayed Abo Elenein) El-sayed 1 *, Hany Samy Sadek 2 and Marwa Mahmoud Bedier 2 1 Masters Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt 2 Associate Professor of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt *Corresponding Author: Hisham (El-sayed Abo Elenein) El-sayed Ban, Masters Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Research Article Received: September 09, 2020 Published: October 07, 2020 © All rights are reserved by Hisham (El-sayed Abo Elenein) El-sayed., et al. Abstract Aim of the Work: This Comparative Randomized in-vitro study was conducted to compare the antibacterial effect of two different herbal extracts: Cinnamon zylanicum (True Cinnamon) and Azadiracta Indica (Neem) versus Calcium Hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) as an intracanal medication against Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) in single-rooted premolars teeth. Materials and Methods: Thirty nine single-rooted premolars teeth were randomly divided according to the intracanal medication used into three groups (n = 13), either True Cinnamon or Neem or Ca (OH) 2 . The teeth were decoronated, infected with E. faecalis and incubated for 21 days, then Pre-operative sample (S1) was taken using size 25 sterile paper points. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper Universal rotary system till size F4, then Post-Instrumen- tation sample (S2) was taken using F4 sterile ProTaper paper points; this was followed by the application of the intracanal medica- tions for 7 days, then the Post-medication sample (S3) was taken using F4 sterile paper points. The antibacterial effect was assessed using Agar Diffusion Test to count the colony forming units. Results: Showed that there was no difference in the antibacterial effect of True Cinnamon, Neem and Ca (OH) 2 , however in each group there was a statistically significant difference in the antibacterial effect between the Pre-operative samples (S1), the Post- Instrumentation sample (S2) and the Post-medication sample (S3). Conclusion: True Cinnamon, Neem and Ca (OH) 2 showed similar antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, when used as intracanal medications for 7 days. Keywords: Cinnamon zylanicum; Cinnamon; Azadiracta indica; Neem; Calcium Hydroxide; Antibacterial; Enterococcus faecalis Introduction The main objective of root canal treatment is to eliminate bac- teria from the infected root canal system and to prevent the re- infection, through cleaning the infected soft and hard tissues. Thus, providing sufficient access for irrigants, delivery of medicaments and the subsequent canal fillings allow the heal of the periapical legions [1]. The persistence of microorganisms in the root filled teeth particularly the apical part is considered the main factor af- fecting the success of endodontic therapy [2]. Enterococci are common inhabitants of the human body, which have been associated with infection in a variety of sites including the oral cavity [3]. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) appears to pos- sess the ability to establish an endodontic infection and maintain Citation: Hisham (El-sayed Abo Elenein) El-sayed., et al. “Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon zylanicum (True Cinnamon) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) Herbal Extracts Versus Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medication against Enterococcus faecalis in Single Rooted Premolars Teeth: A Randomized In Vitro Study”. Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 4.11 (2020): 02-09.