Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Scientia Horticulturae journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scihorti Quality assesment and postharvest technology of mango: A review of its current status and future perspectives Makgafele Lucia Ntsoane a,b , Manuela Zude-Sasse a , Pramod Mahajan a , Dharini Sivakumar b, ⁎ a Department of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam-Bornim, D-14469, Germany b Phytochemical Food network research group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Private Bag X680 Pretoria West, 0001, South Africa ARTICLEINFO Keywords: Mango fruit Quality Postharvest technologies Storage Quality assessment ABSTRACT Mango(Mangifera indica L.)isacommercialfruitcropproducedintropical,subtropicalregionsintheworld.Itis widely consumed due to the delicious favour, pleasant aroma, and rich source of nutrients and phytochemicals (vitamin C, Vitamin E, β- carotene, lutein, quercetin, mangiferin, omega 3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids etc.). Defciency of β- carotene which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of vitamin A is a major challenge faced by Sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, mango consumption could relatively be an afordable strategy to supply β- carotene to alleviate the vitamin A defciency in the Sub Saharan Africa. However, fruit shelf life is limited due to high respiration rate, ethylene production and excessive ripening, pests, diseases cumulatively resulting in postharvest loss of valuable nutrients and decline in market value. Furthermore, rejection by con- sumeroffreshmangoesisattributedtoimproperfruitmaturity,mechanicaldamagecausedduringharvestingor feld handling. The fruit marketability is closely linked with the development of suitable technology which reduces the losses at diferent stages of harvesting and storage conditions. Instruments for monitoring and predicting the fruit quality have been introduced recently. This review presents an overview of fruit physiolo- gical changes, postharvest quality and non-destructive assessment criteria during mango supply chain. Furthermore, the application of current postharvest technologies, capturing (low cost storage structures, low temperature, modifed atmosphere storage, anti-ripening treatments and hot water treatment) and its implica- tions on mango fruit nutritional quality are pointed out. 1. Introduction Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important tropical fruit worldwide in terms of production, consumption (attractive aroma and favour) and nutritional value. It belongs to the Anacardiaceae fa- mily (Tharanathan et al., 2006; Singh et al., 2013). Mango production andinternationaltradearegraduallyexpanding(Singhetal.,2013)and currently, Asia is the main producer, with a production of 34.6 million tons, contributing about 74.30% of global mango production by the leading countries such as America (13.00%; 4 million tons), Africa (11.00%; 3 million tons) and Oceania (0.10%; 0.04 million tons). Among the thousands of varieties of mango produced worldwide, the most dominant commercial mango cultivars include ‘Tommy Atkins’, ‘Haden’, ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Kent’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Alphonso’ (Lawson et al., 2019). Moreover,theconsumer’sawarenessforinternalandnutritionalquality of the fruit is also gradually growing (Sivakumar et al., 2011; Cortés et al., 2016). Mango fruit contains various number of bioactive com- poundssuchasvitaminC,β-caroteneandpolyphenols,thatcontributes towardsantioxidantandnutritionalproperties(Sivakumaretal.,2011). In tropical and subtropical countries, mangoes substantially contribute to the nutritional security through β-carotene supply (Schieber et al., 2000). β-carotene is the predominant carotenoid contributing the highest vitamin A activity, which is vital for improving vision, re- production, and immune function. There has been a growing demand for availability of mangoes to rural communities, therefore, there is a critical need to identify mango cultivars (cv.) with high nutritional value and review the appropriate and afordable postharvest technol- ogies that can be explored for maintaining mango fruit quality. Nutri- tional content of mangoes are infuenced by cultivar, maturity stage, storage conditions and postharvest technologies (Singh and Zaharah, 2015). Mango is a climacteric fruit which is normally harvested at green mature stage (Singh et al., 2013), and then ripened to achieve the de- siredtasteandtexture(Cortésetal.,2016).Duetothehighlyperishable nature of the mango fruit, signifcant amount of quantitative and qua- litative postharvest losses occur during marketing. Wide ranges of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.033 Received 25 September 2018; Received in revised form 15 January 2019; Accepted 22 January 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: SivakumarD@tut.ac.za (D. Sivakumar). Scientia Horticulturae 249 (2019) 77–85 0304-4238/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. T