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1800152 (1 of 8) ©
2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
www.advopticalmat.de
High-Performance Low-Voltage-Driven Phototransistors
through CsPbBr
3
–2D Crystal van der Waals Heterojunctions
Chengxue Huo, Xuhai Liu, Ziming Wang, Xiufeng Song,* and Haibo Zeng*
DOI: 10.1002/adom.201800152
Kang et al. demonstrated a high-perfor-
mance photodetector based on MoS
2
/
perovskites hybrid structure,
[5]
however,
with the CH
3
NH
3
PbI
3
thin film directly
spin-coated onto MoS
2
to enhance the
absorption of light. Qian et al. have fab-
ricated phototransistors with a hybrid
channel material of nitrogen-doped gra-
phene quantum dot–modified perovskite
and a mildly reduced graphene oxide.
[6]
However, either the perovskites or the
2D materials can directly bridge across
the transistor channel. Liu et al. also
reported similar perovskite/MoS
2
hybrid
thin film transistors by vacuum deposition
of perovskites.
[7]
A large number of grain
boundaries in the perovskite thin films
could hinder the potential performance
improvement in these devices. Most
importantly, the VDWH configuration has
not been fully realized in the abovemen-
tioned hybrid structures, because certain
portion of the charge carriers can directly
flow from one metal electrode to the opposite electrode without
transporting through the heterojunction part of the device.
Recently, Ou et al. achieved a strong depletion-induced lateral
p–n junction by local electronic doping at the surface of indi-
vidual CH
3
NH
3
PbI
3
nanosheets.
[8]
Although the heterojunc-
tion can play an adjustment role in this device, it is still not a
standard perovskite/2D material VDWH.
To fully realize a perovskite/2D material VDWH, Niu et al.
used van der Waals epitaxy to deposit CH
3
NH
3
PbI
3
on different
2D materials. However, corresponding optoelectronic devices
were not reported.
[9]
After that, Cheng et al. have reported a gra-
phene/CH
3
NH
3
PbI
3
/graphene heterojunction photodetector by
making use of the layered characteristic of lead iodide (PbI
2
)
and vapor-phase intercalation.
[10]
Tan et al. have used graphene
as the protective layer to achieve the 2D (C
4
H
9
NH
3
)
2
PbBr
4
crystal photodetectors via electron beam lithography and plasma
etching.
[11]
However, these device preparing methods are very
tedious. Therefore, a universal and cheap method should be
proposed to fully realize the heterojunction devices combining
perovskite thin single crystals and 2D semiconductors.
Herein, we have first found that the optical properties
of various CsPbBr
3
/2D heterojunctions significantly differ
because of the different band alignments. Next, to further
explore the strong driving force existing in CsPbBr
3
/2D het-
erojunction to separate the excited electron–hole pairs, a
phototransistor based on this heterojunction was fabricated
by a gentle dry transfer technique. Due to the strong driving
Combining halide perovskites and 2D materials to form heterojunctions is
a potential excellent strategy to design high-performance phototransistors.
However, a standard perovskite/2D material heterojunction is not fully
realized, because either of the active material usually directly bridges
across the opposite metal electrodes in the transistor platform. Here,
phototransistors are fabricated based on high-quality van der Waals grown
CsPbBr
3
and MoS
2
, in which CsPbBr
3
and MoS
2
are overlapped only within
the transistor channel. The phototransistors based on this standard CsPbBr
3
/
MoS
2
heterojunction exhibit excellent optical detection ability and field-effect
characteristics at a drain–source voltage as small as 0.5 V. The rise and
fall times of the phototransistor are 2.5 and 1.8 ms, respectively. The hole
mobility is calculated to be 0.08 cm
2
V
-1
s
-1
in darkness, and 0.28 cm
2
V
-1
s
-1
under the 442 nm laser illumination. All of the measurements are conducted
at room temperature in ambient air, indicating the excellent robustness of the
CsPbBr
3
/MoS
2
heterojunction. This work provides a new strategy to minimize
the device size by using low-voltage-driven, air-stable perovskite/2D material
heterojunctions.
Dr. C. X. Huo, Dr. X. H. Liu, Dr. Z. M. Wang, Prof. X. F. Song, Prof. H. B. Zeng
MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices
Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials
College of Material Science and Engineering
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Nanjing 210094, China
E-mail: xiufengsoong@njust.edu.cn; zeng.haibo@njust.edu.cn
The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article
can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800152.
Perovskite Phototransistors
van der Waals heterojunctions (VDWHs) have attracted tre-
mendous attentions because 2D material–based VDWHs
enable the combination of different materials,
[1]
which provides
new strategies to design novel high-performance devices, such
as tunneling transistors, photodetectors, photovoltaics, and
light-emitting diodes.
[2]
The VDWH devices could show excel-
lent performance driven by a low external voltage, which could
minimize the device size and the power dissipation, leading
to great application prospects in terms of low-cost flexible and
wearable electronics.
[3]
Meanwhile, metal halide perovskites with ABX
3
structure
have been also widely applied in optoelectronic devices for their
excellent properties, such as large absorption coefficient, tun-
able bandgap, and high photoluminescence quantum yield.
[4]
Halide perovskites have been integrated into hybrid configura-
tions to further explore their unique properties. For example,
Adv. Optical Mater. 2018, 1800152