Uncorrected Proof Int J Cancer Manag. 2022 November; 15(11):e124107. Published online 2022 December 19. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm-124107. Research Article Assessment of I-CAM1, V-CAM1, and E-selectin Serum Levels in Patients with Breast and Pelvic Cancer: A Case Control Study Ali Aminizadeh 1 , Lida Jarahi 2 , Mohammad Bagher Khorami 3 , Saba Mohseni 4 , Amirhosein Bahrami 4 , Sare Hosseini 5, * and Hamidreza Rahimi 6, 7, ** 1 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 5 Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 6 Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Chancellery Building, Mashhad, Iran 7 Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran * Corresponding author: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Chancellery Building, P. O. Box: 91735-951, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-5138002301, Fax: +98-5138002287, Email: hosseinis@mums.ac.ir ** Corresponding author: Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Chancellery Building, P. O. Box: 91735-951, Mashhad, Iran. Tel +98-5138002301, Fax +98-5138002287, Email: rahimihr@mums.ac.ir Received 2022 April 03; Revised 2022 November 09; Accepted 2022 November 19. Abstract Background: Breast and pelvic cancers are the most prevalent cancers among women globally. Several studies have reported on the effect of cell adhesion molecules on the growth, multiplication, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells as well as inflammatory biomarkers, which are responsible for harmful inflammatory processes. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to assess the serum levels of adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in patients with cancer before and after radiotherapy, compare these with the levels of healthy subjects, and consider the relationship of these levels with the tumor origin. Methods: The present case-control study investigated 14 patients with breast cancer and 14 patients with pelvic cancer who had been referred to Omid Teaching Hospital’s oncology clinic, Mashhad, Iran between 2015 and 2017. Evaluated by the ELISA method for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were the serum samples of these 28 cancer patients before and after their course of radiotherapy treatment and the serum samples of the 28 healthy subjects who had no history of cancer, radiotherapy or the risk factor of coronary artery disease. Results: The ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin serum levels of all patients with cancer before and after a course of radiotherapy were significantly higher than those of the control group (P value ≤ 0.5). There was no significant difference between the two cancer groups before and after radiotherapy (P value ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the serum levels of adhesion molecules in patients with cancer before and after radiotherapy increase significantly regardless of the initial location of the tumor. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Pelvic Cancer, Cell Adhesion Molecules, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin 1. Background The critical impact of cancer is palpable due to its high mortality rate. Cancer was the second most common cause of death worldwide with 8.8 million victims succumbing to this disease in 2015. In Iran, cancer ranks third in disease- related deaths (1, 2). Despite insightful studies and im- provements in treatment, cancer remains a global killer (3). Cancers with the highest mortality rates are those of the lung, liver, colon and rectum, stomach, and breast (2). Pelvic cancer in females includes the cervix, uterus, vagina, colon, and rectum. Endometrial cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women in developed countries in terms of gynecologic malignancy (4). Also, col- orectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer and the fourth greatest cause of death among all cancers (5). Nowadays, 12% of women in the world suffer from breast cancer (6). This is the most prevalent cancer with the highest cause of mortality among females worldwide (7, 8). It should be noted that breast cancer becomes more life-threatening when the lymph nodes and new sites of cancer in the body involve metastasis. As a result, deaths Copyright © 2022, Author(s). 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