Copyright@ Concetta Imperatore | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res| BJSTR. MS.ID.003449. 15023 Research Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 Analysis of Anti-Biofilm Activities of Extracts from Marine Invertebrate Collected from İzmir Bay (Eastern Aegean Sea) Marcello Casertano 1 , Sibel Avunduk 2 , Asli Kacar 3 , Burcu Omuzbuken 3 , Marialuisa Menna 1 , Paolo Luciano 1 , Anna Aiello 1 and Concetta Imperatore 1 * 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy 2 Vocational School of Health Care, Marmaris Mugla, Turkey 3 DEU Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti Izmir, Turkey *Corresponding author: Concetta Imperatore, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.20.003449 Received: July 30, 2019 Published: August 09, 2019 Citation: Marcello Casertano, Sibel Avunduk, Asli Kacar, Burcu Omuzbuken, Marialuisa Menna, Paolo Luciano, Anna Aiello, Concetta Imperatore. Analysis of Anti-Biofilm Activities of Extracts from Marine Invertebrate Collected from İzmir Bay (Eastern Aegean Sea). Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 20(3)-2019. BJSTR. MS.ID.003449. Keywords: Marine Invertebrate; Sponge; Tunicate; Marine Natural Prod- ucts; Bioassay-Guided Fractionation; Fouling; Anti-Biofilm Activity ARTICLE INFO Abstract In the maritime industry, biofouling is a severe problem and represents a serious matter of economic losses worldwide. The sizable investments are made for the preven- tion of biofouling by marine related sectors, especially in the paint industries. It is known that antifouling applications contain heavy metal and biocides which are hazardous for the marine environment and, for this reason, new studies are focusing on the develop- ment of environmentally and friendly paints. The main target of our investigation was the identification of natural marine compounds from tunicate and sponge species, evaluating their capability to inhibit biofilm progress which is the first step of fouling process, and their plausible usage in industrial products, too. Therefore, in this study, the antibiofilm effects of four marine invertebrates, Styela plicata, Clavelina lepadiformis, Dysidea avara and Spirastrella sp., collected in different seasons along the coasts of Izmir Bay, were eval- uated. The extracts from two tunicates (Styela plicata and Clavelina lepadiformis) and a sponge (Dysidea avara) were selected due to their interesting antibiofilm capacities. A bio- active-guided isolation method allowed us to identification of the active fractions which were tested for inhibition of bacterial adhesion at different concentration. The content of the active fractions was identified by NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS and HRMS analysis. Abbreviations: TBT: Tributyltin; FA: Formic Acid; CR: Percentage Reduction Introduction Biofilm is known as a community which formed by a series of microorganisms and macroorganisms on natural and artificial surfaces in seawater. Costerton et al. have defined biofilms for the first time in 1978 [1], and the biofilms have been an active research domain for science and technology. Actually, the biofilm formation involves important consequences for the efficient and harmless fulfilment of marine activities. Nevertheless, there are several methods to fighting biofilms, such as physical, mechanical and chemical removal. Unfortunately, colonies forming biofilms are often highly resistant to these approaches and despite they are efficient as remedies for antibiofilm elimination, they could transform in adverse elements for the environment. In the past, a consistent number of toxic substances (e.g. mercury, copper, arsenic and/or lead) but also organotin additives such as Tributyltin (TBT) have been effectively utilized to control the composition and the physical chemical characteristics of fouling before the International Maritime Organization (IMO) ban [2]. Subsequently, the strategies of antifouling were focused on characterization and advancement of products more friendly for the environment and were built on the defense mechanisms of marine organisms that sustain their body disengage of fouling [2]. Marine organisms including primarily invertebrates have developed a potential defense system