Journal of Personality Disorders, 32, 1-11, 2018
© 2018 The Guilford Press
1
From Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia (K. N. T.,
M. C., J. B., M. J., A. M. C.); Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Australia (K. N. T., M. C., J. B., M. J., A. M. C.); School of Psychological Sciences, The University of
Melbourne (H. J.); and Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, Australia (L. M., M. J., A. M. C.)
Address correspondence to Professor Andrew Chanen, Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in
Youth Mental Health, Locked Bag 10, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia. E-mail: andrew.chanen@orygen.
org.au
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SUBTHRESHOLD BPD FEATURES
THOMPSON ET AL.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
SUBTHRESHOLD BORDERLINE PERSONALITY
DISORDER FEATURES IN OUTPATIENT YOUTH
Katherine N. Thompson, PhD, Henry Jackson, PhD,
Marialuisa Cavelti, PhD, Jennifer Betts, DPsych,
Louise McCutcheon, DPsych, Martina Jovev, PhD,
and Andrew M. Chanen, MBBS, PhD, FRANZCP
Studies among adult patients have found that subthreshold borderline
personality disorder (BPD) features are associated with elevated psycho-
social morbidity compared with patients with no BPD features. However,
the clinical significance of subthreshold features of BPD has not been
investigated among real-world patients during the clinical emergence of the
disorder, which is usually between puberty and emerging adulthood. This
study aimed to replicate and extend previous research by comparing outpa-
tient youth aged 15–25 years with subthreshold BPD features with youth
with no BPD features. The sample included 499 potential participants, of
whom 111 had no DSM-IV BPD features at all, and 155 had between one
and four features. Results indicated that the group with subthreshold BPD
features had more severe mental illness and poorer social and occupational
functioning. These findings suggest that subthreshold BPD features are
clinically important and should be a focus of clinical intervention to reduce
continuing disability and improve outcome.
Keywords: borderline personality disorder, subthreshold, social
occupational functioning, youth, adolescence, psychiatry
Although the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Men-
tal Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) has
continued the tradition of syndrome-based categorical diagnosis of person-
ality disorder, it is widely acknowledged (including in the alternative model
in section III of the DSM-5) that the threshold for distinguishing patients
with and without a personality disorder is arbitrary and that there is no