DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161055 ORIGINAL ARTICLE P J M H S Vol. 16, No. 10, October, 2022 55 Difference in Dietary Factors in Young Females with and Without Polycystic Ovarian Disease NIDA AZEEM 1 , BEENISH RIAZ 2 , HUMA AFRIDI 3 , WAJIHA SHADAB 4 , ITAAT ULLAH KHAN AFRIDI 5 1 Consultant Gynecologist 2 Assistant Prof Obs & Gynae at Islamic International Medical College, Islamabad 3 Associate Prof Obs & Gynae at Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot 4 Associate Prof Obs & Gynae at Islamic International Medical College, Islamabad 5 Prof of Pediatrics at Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat Correspondence to Dr. Huma Afridi, Email: humaafridi81@yahoo.com, Cell:03214253315,03319324463 ABSTRACT Background: Although diet has an important role in blood glucose and insulin regulation, there is little study on dietary therapy of “polycystic ovarian syndrome”, abbreviated as PCOS. So this research work was done to look at some particular dietary components, which may predispose development of PCOS. Aim: To compare the mean value of intake of dietary of daily meal in young females with and without PCOS Main outcome measures: Mean white bread and potatoes servings per last 7 days Study design: Case control study Duration of study: 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022 Setting: Study was conducted at Sialkot Medical College Sialkot” affiliated with Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital in Obstetrics /Gynecology department over the period of 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022 Method: Total 84 female were included in the stud and divided in two equal groups i.e. females with PCOS and females without PCOS. They were asked about their dietary pattern and total intake of potatoes and bread they consume per week was noted. SPSS was used to compare both groups for mean dietary intake Results: In case group, the mean intake of white bread was 7.55±1.74 while in control group was 5.5±1.9 (P < 0.05) while mean potato serving in cases was 6.62±2.39 in cases while 3.48 ±1.74 in controls (P < 0.05). Practical implication. All patients with PCOS who are attending the gyne clinics should be counselled about diet and life style modifications that has a crucial role in treating the disease. .A diet low in saturated fat and high in fibre from predominantly low- glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods is recommended for patients with PCOS. The dietary management of women suffering from PCOS should be carried out by registered dietitians, gynecologists, fertility specialists, and endocrinologists from the time of diagnosis to help patients recognize the role of diet and lifestyle changes how these can be altered through nonpharmacological means to improve prognosis. Conclusions: Thus females having PCOS showed more intake of potatoes and breads. Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Dietary factors, life style, bread, potatoes INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which affects 3.4% of reproductive-age females, is linked to reproductive, metabolic, and psychological problems. Menstrual irregularities, anovulatory infertility, and clinical hyperandrogenism are the most common symptoms of PCOS 1,2 . In 75% of PCOS patients, anovulatory infertility is prevalent 3 . According to studies, 10-15% cases show insulin resistance, 20-40% show glucose intolerance, and 10-17% may develop overt type II diabetes. Such females constantly have high exposure towards elevated estrogen level, putting them at risk for endometrial cancer. 4 PCOS is more common in particular ethnic groups, such as South Asia (25%), with monthly irregularities being the most common (49.1%). The higher risk of these diseases has necessitated the need for PCOS screening as well as research on ways to prevent the disease. The pathophysiology of PCOS has several non-ovarian components, but ovarian dysfunction is at its core. It is caused by a combination of genetic defects and environmental factors such as nutrition and body weight, which influence the occurrence of PCOS. 5 Females with polycystic ovarian disease and healthy controls had similar intakes of total energy, micronutrients, macronutrients, and foods enriched with glycemic-index 6 . Patients who are obese should change their lifestyles because even a small amount of weight loss can trigger a spontaneous restart of ovulation 7 . Obesity increases the frequency and severity of all PCOD symptoms, making PCOD a serious medical issue that is challenging to manage 8,9,10 . Determining the function of specific dietary components in the emergence of PCOS in young females, which is becoming ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Received on 07-07-2022 Accepted on 28-09-2022 increasingly common in our region, was the aim of this study. This study set out to identify the function of specific dietary elements in the emergence of PCOS in young females, which is becoming more common in local population, due to increase in obesity, fast food trend and sedentary life-style. Objective of this study was to compare the mean value of intake of dietary of daily meal in young females with and without PCOS MATERIAL AND METHODS It was a Case-Control Study conducted at Sialkot Medical College Sialkot affiliated with Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital in Obstetrics/ Gynecology Department over a period of 6 months from January 2022 To June 2022. By using the WHO calculator, the sample size was calculated as 84 cases (42 in each group) with significance level at 5%, power of study at 80% and mean dietary intake i.e. 1.0±1.5 vs. 0.4±0.7. Non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Selection of patients: Females of age between 12-35 years, with normal BMI i.e. 18.--25 kg/m2, cases with PCOS who fulfilled Rotterdam criteria while controls were females without PCOS were included. The Rotterdam criteria was confirmed when 2 of 3 following features are present: (i) anovulation i.e. irregular menstrual cycles, (ii) follicles > 12 of size 2-9 mm with raised ovarian volume (> 10 cm 3 ) and (iii) presence of obesity, hirsutism, alopecia, acne (iv) excessive testosterone >5.63 ng/ml. But females with hirsutism, taking systemic steroids, danazol, testosterone and OCP’S, “anabolic steroids, estrogens, progesterone, chemotherapeutic & immunosuppressant, cardiovascular & dermatological agents,” other causes of irregular menstrual cycles were excluded. Females with thyroid disorders, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, malignancy, anorexia or bulimia,