Ž . Coastal Engineering 41 2000 63–93 www.elsevier.comrlocatercoastaleng Modelling and numerical simulation of turbulence, waves and suspended sediments for pre-operational use in coastal seas Helmut Baumert a, ) , Georges Chapalain b , Hassan Smaoui b , Julia P. McManus c,1 , Hiroshi Yagi c,2 , Matthias Regener d , Jurgen Sundermann d , Barnabas Szilagy d ¨ ¨ a Hydromod Scientific Consulting, P.O. Box 1229, D-22880 Wedel r Holstein, Germany b Laboratoire de Sedimentologie et Geodynamique, UMR-CNRS 8577, Batiment SN5, UniÕersite des Sciences ´ ´ ˆ ´ et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 VilleneuÕe d’Ascq, France c Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston ObserÕatory, Birkenhead, CH43 7RA, UK d Centre for Marine and Climate Research, Institute of Oceanography, UniÕersity of Hamburg, Triplowitzstrasse 7, D-22529 Hamburg, Germany Abstract The role of small-scale processes in models of coastal seas is reviewed, and the respective uses of vertically integrated and vertically resolving models are described. Although applied with heavily tuned empirical parameters to the Holderness coast a vertically integrated model shows the Ž . importance of surface waves for predicting suspended particulate matter SPM and their distributions. In formulating a generic vertically resolving module, as kernel, the k – ´ turbulence closure has been selected. On a uniform vertical grid this model gave reasonably accurate results for a Ž . neutrally stratified channel flow forced by an M tidal wave Elbe estuary as well as on a 2 Ž . nonuniform grid highly refined in the high-dissipation near-bed region for short-period 8s surface waves in a laboratory flume. The model was completed with modules accounting for the ) Corresponding author. Fax: q 49-4103-3317. Ž . E-mail address: baumert@hydromod.de H. Baumert . 1 Ž . Present address: Environment Agency NE Region , Phoenix House, Global Avenue, Leeds LS11 8PG, UK. 2 Present address: Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-Okayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan. 0378-3839r00r$ - see front matter q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Ž . PII: S0378-3839 00 00027-2