DOI: 10.3303/CET2294071
Paper Received: 15 April 2022; Revised: 09 June 2022; Accepted: 16 June 2022
Please cite this article as: Pilien V.P., Garciano L.E.O., Promentilla M.A.B., Guades E.J., Leaño Jr. J.L., Oreta A.W.C., Ongpeng J.M.C., 2022,
Optimization of Banana Fiber Reinforced Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 94, 427-432
DOI:10.3303/CET2294071
A publication of
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 94, 2022
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.cetjournal.it
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Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216
Optimization of Banana Fiber Reinforced Fly Ash Based
Geopolymer Mortar
Vincent P. Pilien
a,
*, Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano
a
, Michael Angelo B.
Promentilla
a
, Ernesto J. Guades
b
, Julius L. Leaño Jr.
c
, Andres Winston C. Oreta
a
,
Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng
a
a
Department of Civil Engineering Department, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines
b
Assistant Professor in Structural Engineering, University of Guam, Guam, USA
c
Chief Science Research Specialist, Research and Development Division, Philippine Textile Research Institute, Department
of Science and Technology; jlleanojr@ptri.dost.gov.ph
vincent_pilien@dlsu.edu.ph
From past decades since Joseph Davidovits introduced geopolymer, this innovative green technology as
alternative for cement mortar have been studied and proven its strength, effectiveness, and potential to many
applications. Likewise, crack proneness due to lack of reinforcement, occurrence of efflorescence and curing
methods are issues on geopolymer. This paper focused on the effects of treated banana fibres (BF) using 4 %
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) soaked within 2, 4 and 6 h which served as reinforcement on the geopolymer mortar
with different parameters to eliminate macro cracks and two curing methods were used to address efflorescence.
Fiber reinforced geopolymer mortar (FRGM) can lessen the massive utilization of conventional construction
materials due to sustainability of geopolymer and provide crack bridging in the matrix. Compressive and split
tensile strength test of geopolymer cube and cylinder samples for burlap and saran wrapped method of ambient
curing were determined using universal testing machine (UTM). The flowability, weight loss of samples during
curing period and the occurrence of efflorescence were observed as well. In Design Mixture - 1 (DM1), there
are 13-design mixtures (DM) with 5 - 50x50x50 mm cubes and 5 -100x200 mm cylinder specimens each
reinforced with BF while 8 DMs for DM1 are plain geopolymer mortar (PGM) to obtain the mixture with the
highest compressive and split tensile strength for both FRGM and PGM. FRGM and PGM with the highest
mechanical strength are further explored reinforcing with treated and untreated BFs. Mechanical strengths,
flowability, efflorescence and weight loss of samples were recorded. The optimum FRGM shows that there is
no significant difference in compressive and split tensile strength when reinforced with 4 % NaOH treated within
2 and 6 h compared to 4 h of treatment which has the highest strengths. Finally, the governing BF with 4 %
NAOH treated within 4 h was used to reinforce the PGM to investigate the strength variation provided by BFs
which gave up to 22.43 % increment in terms of compressive strength.
1. Introduction
Geopolymer mortar is a promising innovative and sustainable construction material that can be an alternative
or replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mortar. Geopolymer was developed by Prof. Davidovits to
lessen the use of OPC (Provis and Deventer, 2009). The process of geopolymerization also produced significant
reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission compared to OPC manufacturing alone (Pilien et al., 2022). Since
OPC are being used for more than two centuries now (Mohamad et al., 2022) which generates four times higher
than geopolymer in terms of CO2 emissions (Huseien et al., 2017). The building industry utilises 50 % of the
world's limited resources which needs to be address towards materials sustainability without depleting natural
resources (Ongpeng et al., 2021). Likewise, the projected global need for OPC in 2050’s will be about 200 % of
today’s consumption (Xie and Ozbakkaloglu, 2015). These projections and environmental concerns that
researchers are currently facing are the opportunities to widen up the call for more sustainable and alternative
construction materials.
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