British Journal of Poultry Sciences 6 (2): 26-28, 2017
ISSN 1995-901X
© IDOSI Publications, 2017
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.bjps.2017.26.28
Corresponding Author: Muhammad Jamil, Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC, PARC), Dera Ismail Khan-29050, Pakistan.
26
Role of Probiotics in Control of Avain Coccidiosis
Muhammad Jamil, Nidra Hussain, Jaweria Gul, Yusra Harman,
1 2 3 5
Aftab Ahmed, Safdar Nawz and Muhammad Saddam
1 5 4
Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC, PARC), Dera Ismail Khan-29050, Pakistan
1
Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad -29050, Pakistan
2
Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir, Pakistan
3
Government Degree College for Boys no 1, Dera Ismail Khan-29050, Pakistan
4
Gomal College of Veterinary Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan-29050, Pakistan
5
Abstract: Fermented cereals products by lactic Acid bacteria are among the oldest fermented foods first
documented in Egypt and Iraq 2000 to 3000 B.C. This subject of fermentation was first observed and then put
on scientific basis by a great scientist named Elie Metcnikoff in 1907.Than in late 1940,s intensive attention was
drawn on explorataion of composition of gut bacteria. And by FAO and WHO in 2006 a complete definition of
probiotics was given as live micro organisms giving beneficial health effects when given in feed. Now
Lactobacillus,streptococcus and Bifidibacterium are used as an essential part of probiotic preparations for the
treatment of parasitic disease of poutry sector called Coccidiosis caused by seven spp of Eimeria resulting in
deadly destruction of GastroIntestinal Tract (GIT) epithelium and diarrhea which could be timely and
impressively cured by probiotics preparations used in feed supplementations.
Keys words: Poultry Coccdiosis Probiotics
INTRODUCTION Enterocytes are destroyed by Eimeria species, which
Poultry, the domesticated species of birds including severity is species dependant. However it also causes
chickens, geese, duck and guinea fowl, are reared for meat immunosuppression and secondary infections,
and eggs. Poultry industry is a flourishing industry of coccidiosis which is controlled mostly by
livestock which contributes 2 % in national GDP of chemotherapeutic, biological agents and by improving
Pakistan (2008). It played a main role in the stability of managment [3]. Life cycle is short (4-6 days) and direct
mutton and beef prices. Commercial poultry in Pakistan with sexual and asexual stages. In asexual life cycle,
was started in 1963 [1]. trphozoites develop into schizonts and merozoites termed
Avian coccidiosis is a major disease of poultry as schizogony and merogony. Sexual phase starts when
caused by parasite called Eimeria and Seven different spp motile microgametes ooze out and fuse with
of Eimeria are reported to cause coccidiosis not only in macrogametes yielding zygote. This zygote develop into
poultry but also in cattle and small animals like dogs and oocyst which is extracted to exterior in feces from the host
cats but the terrific economical impacts are being seen in [4].
poultry sectors. Several Eimeria species including E. Infections occur after viable oocyst ingestion from
acervulina, E. necatrix, E. miti, E. tenella, E. brunette contaminated water, food or dust. Followed by oocysts
and E. maxima are etiology of coccidiosis [2]. swallowing, these are exposed to enzymatic actions in
Birds mostly of younger ages become infected by intestine and grinding in gizzard thus leading to liberation
accidental ingestion of oocysts of Eimeria that eventually of sporozoites termed as excystation. Then sporozytes
excyst in the upper intestinal lumen into sporozites. penetrate epithelial tissues of small intestine, transported
Passing through different developmental stages oocysts by macrophages to depth of intestinal glands where
are shedded in feces which are resistant to environment advanced development start over [5].
results in enteritis and blood in diarrhea but the disease