Abstract7KH UDSLGO\ GLPLQLVKLQJ IRVVLO IXHO UHVHUYHV WKHLU H[RUELWDQW FRVW DQG WKH LQFUHDVLQJO\ DSSDUHQW QHJDWLYH HIIHFW RI IRVVLO IXHOV WR FOLPDWH FKDQJHV LV D ZDNHXS FDOO WR H[SORUH UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ :LQG ELRIXHO DQG VRODU SRZHU KDYH DOUHDG\ EHFRPH VWDSOHV RI .HQ\DQ HOHFWULFLW\ PL[ 7KH SRWHQWLDO RI HOHFWULF SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ IURP PDULQH WLGDO FXUUHQWV LV HQRUPRXV ZLWK RFHDQV FRYHULQJ PRUH WKDQ  RI WKH HDUWK +RZHYHU DWWHPSWV WR KDUQHVV PDULQH WLGDO HQHUJ\ LQ .HQ\D KDV \HW WR EH VWXGLHG WKRURXJKO\ GXH WR LWV SURPLVLQJ F\FOLF UHOLDEOH DQG SUHGLFWDEOH QDWXUH DQG WKH YDVW HQHUJ\ FRQWDLQHG ZLWKLQ LW 7KH KLJK ORDG IDFWRUV UHVXOWLQJ IURP WKH IOXLG SURSHUWLHV DQG WKH SUHGLFWDEOH UHVRXUFH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV PDNH PDULQH FXUUHQWV SDUWLFXODUO\ DWWUDFWLYH IRU SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ DQG DGYDQWDJHRXV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR RWKHUV *OREDOOHYHO UHVRXUFH DVVHVVPHQWV DQG RFHDQRJUDSKLF OLWHUDWXUH DQG GDWD KDYH EHHQ FRPSLOHG LQ DQ DQDO\VLV RI WKH WHFKQRORJ\VSHFLILF UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WLGDO HQHUJ\ WHFKQRORJLHV DQG WKH SK\VLFDO UHVRXUFHV 7HPSRUDO YDULDWLRQV LQ UHVRXUFH LQWHQVLW\ DV ZHOO DV WKH GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ VPDOOVFDOH DSSOLFDWLRQV DUH FRQVLGHUHG Keywords(QHUJ\ GDWD DVVHVVPHQW HQYLURQPHQWDO OHJLVODWLRQ UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ WLGDOLQVWUHDP WXUELQHV ,,1752'8&7,21 /(&75,&,7< GHPDQG LV JURZLQJ UDSLGO\ DORQJ WKH .HQ\DQ FRDVW DV D UHVXOW RI PLJUDWLRQ DQG WKH LQFUHDVHG UDWH RI SRSXODWLRQ JURZWK 'XH WR WKH LQVXIILFLHQW JHQHUDWLRQ DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ GHYHORSPHQWV LQ WKH SRZHU VHFWRU WKH FRDVWDO VWULS KDV SRRU DFFHVV WR WKH FRVWHIILFLHQW K\GURSRZHU 7R LQFUHDVH HQHUJ\ VHFXULW\ DQG DYDLODELOLW\ LV WR LQWHQVLI\ WKH XVH RI RFHDQ HQHUJ\ 8QWLO UHFHQWO\ PHWKRGV RI KDUYHVWLQJ WLGDO HQHUJ\ FRQFHQWUDWHG RQ FDSWXULQJ ZDWHU LQ D GDP RU EDUUDJH DW KLJK WLGH DQG JHQHUDWLQJ HOHFWULFLW\ E\ UHOHDVLQJ WKH ZDWHU DW ORZ WLGH :LWK WKH JOREDO GHYHORSPHQW RI WLGDO LQVWUHDP NLQHWLF HQHUJ\ WXUELQHV ZKLFK DFW PXFK OLNH ZLQG WXUELQHV D WKRXJKW WR RIIHU PDQ\ DGYDQWDJHV RYHU RWKHU IRUPV RI SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ LV DQWLFLSDWHG 7KH KLJK GHQVLW\ RI ZDWHU  WLPHV GHQVHU WKDQ DLU DQG WKH SUHGLFWDELOLW\ RI WKH WLGHV VXJJHVW WKDW WLGDO WXUELQHV VKRXOG EH DEOH WR SURGXFH D ODUJH DPRXQW RI UHOLDEOH SRZHU ZKLOH WKH IOH[LELOLW\ RI LQGLYLGXDO WXUELQHV VKRXOG PDNH WXUELQHV PRUH HFRQRPLFDOO\ DQG HFRORJLFDOO\ DWWUDFWLYH WKDQ WLGDO EDUUDJHV +RZHYHU WKHVH DGYDQWDJHV DUH \HW WR EH HVWDEOLVKHG LQ SUDFWLFH DV PRVW RSHUDWLQJ SURMHFWV DUH VPDOO LQ VFDOH 7LGDO FXUUHQWV DUH EHLQJ UHFRJQL]HG DV D UHVRXUFH WR EH H[SORLWHG IRU WKH VXVWDLQDEOH JHQHUDWLRQ RI HOHFWULFDO SRZHU 7KH WLGDO IRUFHV DUH GXH WR JUDYLWDWLRQDO DWWUDFWLRQ RI WKH PRRQ DQG VXQ KHQFH SUHGLFWDEOH / 3 2QXQGR LV ZLWK WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI (OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLF (QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 0RPEDVD  0RPEDVD &2'(  .HQ\D HPDLO SDWULFLDOXF\RQXQGR#JPDLOFRP : 1 0ZHPD LV ZLWK WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI (OHFWULFDO DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 1DLUREL  *32 1DLUREL .HQ\D HPDLO ZLOIUHGPZHPD#XRQELDFNH 0RUHRYHU LQWHUQDWLRQDO WUHDWLHV UHODWHG WR FOLPDWH FRQWURO VXFK DV WKH .\RWR 3URWRFRO  KDYH WULJJHUHG UHVXUJHQFH LQ GHYHORSPHQW RI UHQHZDEOH RFHDQ HQHUJ\ WHFKQRORJ\ 2QO\ D IUDFWLRQ RI WKH JOREDO RFHDQ HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFH LV WR EH IRXQG LQ VLWHV ZKLFK DUH HFRQRPLFDOO\ IHDVLEOH WR H[SORUH ZLWK DYDLODEOH WHFKQRORJ\ +RZHYHU WKLV IUDFWLRQ FRXOG VWLOO PDNH D FRQVLGHUDEOH FRQWULEXWLRQ WR HOHFWULFLW\ VXSSO\ 7KH QHHG WR TXDQWLI\ WKH SRWHQWLDO IRU JHQHUDWLQJ HOHFWULFLW\ IURP PDULQH DQG WLGDO FXUUHQWV SURYLGHV WKH GHWDLOV H[SORUHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH SRWHQWLDO RI HOHFWULFLW\ JHQHUDWLRQ XVLQJ WLGDO HQHUJ\ DURXQG 0RPEDVD DQG /DPX LQ .HQ\D 7KH LPPHQVH VRXUFH RI RFHDQ UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ LV FODVVLILHG LQWR VL[ FDWHJRULHV RI GLYHUVH RULJLQ DQG IHDWXUHV QDPHO\ RFHDQ ZDYH WLGDO UDQJH WLGDO FXUUHQW RFHDQ FXUUHQW RFHDQ WKHUPDO HQHUJ\ DQG VDOLQLW\ JUDGLHQW >@>@ &XUUHQWO\ DOO RFHDQ HQHUJ\ LQGXVWULHV H[FHSW WLGDO UDQJH FDQ EH UHJDUGHG DW DQ HDUO\ VWDJH RI GHYHORSPHQW SKDVH IURP FRQFHSWXDO XS WR GHPRQVWUDWLRQ VWDJH >@ 2FHDQ ZDYH DQG WLGDO FXUUHQW HQHUJ\ DUH WKH WZR W\SHV RI RFHDQ HQHUJ\ ZKLFK DUH PRVW DGYDQFHG DQG DUH H[SHFWHG WR FRQWULEXWH VLJQLILFDQWO\ WR WKH VXSSO\ RI HQHUJ\ LQ IXWXUH >@ 7KXV WKH UHVHDUFK UHYLHZ IRFXVHG PDMRUO\ RQ ZDYHV WLGHV DQG WLGDO FXUUHQW HQHUJ\ SRWHQWLDO 7KH RFHDQ HQHUJ\ LQGXVWU\ KDV PDGH VLJQLILFDQW SURJUHVV LQ UHFHQW \HDUV JOREDOO\ ZLWK VRPH DGYDQFHG SURWRW\SHV WKDW DUH FXUUHQWO\ EHLQJ WHVWHG >@ ([LVWLQJ FKDOOHQJHV LQFOXGH IXUWKHU GHYHORSPHQW DQDO\VLV RI WKH WHFKQRORJ\ DQG LQQRYDWLRQ WR SURYH SHUIRUPDQFH DQG UREXVWQHVV DQG WR UHGXFH FRVWV EXW DOVR GHSOR\PHQW DQG ULVN UHGXFWLRQ DV UHIOHFWHG LQ )LJ  +RZHYHU RWKHU QRW WHFKQRORJ\ UHODWHG NQRZOHGJH JDSV DQG EDUULHUV H[LVW >@ )LJ  5HVHDUFK WKHPHV IXQGHG HJ E\ WKH (8 >@ /XF\ 3DWULFLD 2QXQGR :LOIUHG 1MRURJH 0ZHPD (VWLPDWLQJ 0DULQH 7LGDO 3RZHU 3RWHQWLDO LQ .HQ\D ( World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering Vol:10, No:7, 2016 1013 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(7) 2016 ISNI:0000000091950263 Open Science Index, Energy and Environmental Engineering Vol:10, No:7, 2016 publications.waset.org/10007714/pdf