~ 87 ~ International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology 2020; 2(2): 87-90 E-ISSN: 2663-8274 P-ISSN: 2663-8266 www.ophthalmoljournal.com IJMO 2020; 2(2): 87-90 Received: 17-05-2020 Accepted: 21-06-2020 Dr. Ranjot Kour Junior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, TMU, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. PS Rastogi Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, TMU, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Gopesh Mehrotra Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, TMU, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Ashish Chander Professor and HOD, Department of Ophthalmology, TMU, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Dr. PS Rastogi Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, TMU, Uttar Pradesh, India Evaluation of macular and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in unilateral amblyopic patients by using optical coherence tomography Dr. Ranjot Kour, Dr. PS Rastogi, Dr. Gopesh Mehrotra and Dr. Ashish Chander DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2020.v2.i2b.47 Abstract Aim: To evaluate the macular and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral amblyopia. Design: Prospective observational study. Material and Methods: 188 eyes of 94 patients with unilateral amblyopia diagnosed by difference of at least two lines between the normal and amblyopic eye on Snellen visual acuity charts was included. Statistical analysis: Unpaired sample t-test. Results: Majority of the cases was seen in age group 21-30 years with male preponderance. The average macular thickness was 271.4μm for normal eye versus 278.0μm for amblyopic eye, values by unpaired t-test was t-value=3.169, p=0.002<0.01 which shows highly statistical significant difference of macular thickness. But no statistical significance seen in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Conclusion: Average macular thickness varies in amblyopic eyes is an important concept for future studies. However Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer thickness does not show corresponding outcomes with amblyopia and actually being thinner in amblyopes. Keywords: Amblyopia, macular thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, optical coherence tomography Introduction Amblyopia also called as "Lazy eye” is defined as unilateral or bilateral dimension of best corrected central visual acuity which is due to form vision deprivation and/or abnormal binocular communication, without any seen organic cause to correspond with visual loss [1] . Amblyopia transpires during the duration when the neuronal complexes among retina and of cerebral cortex is developing and maturing. Therefore amblyopia often develops during postnatal time in initial span of 2-3 years; however, it can also develops until the span of 8-9 years [2] . Amblyopia occurs due to insufficient excitement of visual system in early critical time of visual formation. In monocular amblyopia, uneven input coming through two eyes to the primary cortex causes shortfall in visual processing. Because of this inequality in image quality among the two eyes stereovision (3D vision) can be highly affected or even absent altogether, especially in strabismus [3, 4] . This disparity in image quality is also analogous with a frequent repression of central visual field of the amblyopic eye [5] . Probably amblyopia is most ordinary cause of preventable monocular vision loss in children and young adults [6] and affects approximately 2%-5% of general population [7] . In India the incidence is around 1.1% [8] although its occurrence could be higher in medical underserved populations. Unilateral amblyopia has 2 major causes: 1. Anisometropic amblyopia: It is difference in state of refraction of minimum 1 D or more between 2 eyes [9] . 2. Strabismic amblyopia: It is the one in which due to constantly unaligned optical axis there is abnormality in binocular communication. The amount of divergence is not related to development and severity of stabismic amblyopia. Deprivational amblyopia It is a rare form of amblyopia existing in only about 0.1% of population and is associated with vision obstructing disorders like congenital cataract, lid ptosis, vitreous haemorrhage, corneal opacities corneal opacities [10] .