CHAPTER 1 DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT (DfE): STRATEGIES, PRACTICES, GUIDELINES, METHODS, AND TOOLS Daniel P. Fitzgerald Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland, College Park Jeffrey W. Herrmann Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland, College Park Peter A. Sandborn Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland, College Park Linda C. Schmidt Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland, College Park Thornton H. Gogoll Director, Engineering Standards Black & Decker Inc. Towson, Maryland 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Design for Environment 2 1.2 Decision Making in New Product Development 3 1.3 Environmental Objectives 4 2 CREATING A DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM 5 2.1 Identifying and Understanding the Stakeholders 5 2.2 Creating Environmental Objectives 6 2.3 Metric Selection 8 2.4 Incorporating DfE into the Design Process 10 2.5 Fitting All the Pieces Together 11 3 IMPLEMENTING A DfE PROCESS 12 3.1 Product Initiation Document 12 3.2 Initial Environmental Review 13 3.3 Conceptual Design Environmental Review 14 3.4 Detailed Design Environmental Review 14 3.5 Final Environmental Review 14 3.6 Postlaunch Review 14 3.7 Feedback Loop 15 4 USING DfE TOOLS 15 4.1 Guidelines and Checklist Document 15 4.2 Product Design Matrix 16 4.3 Environmental Effect Analysis 16 4.4 Life-cycle Assessment 19 5 EXAMPLES OF DfE INNOVATIONS 19 5.1 Forever Flashlight 19 5.2 Battery-Free Remote Control 20 5.3 Toshiba’s GR-NF415GX Refrigerator 20 5.4 Matsushita Alkaline Ion Water Purifier 21 6 CONCLUSIONS 21 1 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL