Copyright@ IFAC Fault Detection. Supervision and Safety for
Technical Processes. Budapest, Hungary. 2000
ARCHITECTURE AND SELECTED ALGORITHMS OF A
PROCESS CONDITION MONITORING MICROSYSTEM
U. Marschner
l
, I. Jossa
l
, G. Elender
2
, T. Herrmann
2
, W.-J. Fischer
l
I Dresden University of Technology, Semiconductor and Microsystems
Technology Laboratory, 01062 Dresden, Germany, Tel.: +49(0)351 463-5399,
FAX: -7021 , email: marschner@ihm.et.tu-dresden.de
2 Loher Aktiengesellschaft, Research and Development Department,
Postfach 1164.94095 Ruhstorfa.d. Rott, Tel.: +49 (0)853139-0, Fax: 39-212
Abstract: A new microsystem is presented which is able to process measurements including
feature extraction and classification for local process monitoring. The heart of the micro-
system is a 16-bit digital signal processor which can operate at up to 100 MIPS (million in-
structions per second). The extracted features are stored in a large non-volatile memory and
are used for a long term trend analysis. Current and predicted faults are displayed locally
and announced to the staff or a host computer via field bus or internet. The microsystem has
been applied to an autonomous bearing fault diagnosis. Copyright © 2000 IFAC
Keywords: Local fault diagnosis, monitoring, hybrid microsystem, self-organizing neural
network
INTRODUCTION
Present diagnosis systems are spatially splitted: be-
side the sensors they require a separate computer and
so transmission of the sensor signals to it. These
systems are expensive such that a diagnosis is often
done manually and periodically by especially trained
personnel. The new approach is to miniaturize the
system that extreme that it can be mounted directly
nearby a technical process. This construction leads
also to an improved electronic system with respect to
the mechanical and electromagnetic reliability. The
fulltime availability provides an additional advan-
tage: the system state can be tracked permanently and
developing faults can be detected.
The microsystem presented includes a digital signal
processor (DSP) and is therefore freely programma-
ble. Necessary algorithms are implemented as remote
controllable software programs. Thus the microsys-
tem has a wide application range and marks a new
quality in local high-performance signal processing.
Previous DSP-solutions required a large printed cir-
cuit board, not only because of the DSP housing
geometry but also because of the power consumption
and the necessary DSP cooling. The construction of
the microsystem benefits from new semiconductor
technologies which reduce the power consumption
below a threshold crucial for extreme miniaturization
without loss of computational speed.
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The high computational power is needed in order to
compensate for architectural restrictions of low-cost
general-purpose DSPs, e.g. to increase the numerical
precision. To implement floating-point arithmetic on
the fixed-point DSP used, operands must be con-
verted to fixed-point numbers and then back to
floating-point numbers. Fixed-point values are con-
verted to floating-point values by normalizing the
input data. Nevertheless, this software overhead and
also additional hardware needed by the DSP encour-
aged in the past the development of application spe-
cific integrated circuits (ASIC's), e.g. control system
processors (lones et al.. 1998) or dynamic spectrum
analyzers (Marschner et aI., 1998).
Signal-based and model-based algorithms have been
implemented towards a process condition monitoring
microsystem based on high-level behavioural (Fron-
tier, 1998) and low-level technology oriented de-
scriptions. The paper discusses these algorithms, the
hardware realization and the application of the mi-
crosystem for bearing diagnosis.
2 DIAGNOSIS MODEL
Fig. I depicts the signal flow within the microsystem.
Following a general approach (Frank, 1996), (Hoff-
mann, 1999) the signals are at first processed by an