Javed et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2022; 12(1-s):23-28 ISSN: 2250-1177 [23] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 15.02.2022 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Copyright © 2022 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited Open Access Full Text Article Research Article Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of ayurvedic formulations; Satva and Ghana of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Giloy) against commensals and opportunistic pathogens Danish Javed 1 * , Sana Anwar 2 , Saman Pathan 3 1 Senior Medical Officer, AYUSH, All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal (M.P.), India 2 Senior lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, RKDF Dental College, Bhopal (M.P.), India 3 Junior Research Fellow, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal (M.P.), India Article Info: ______________________________________________ Article History: Received 14 December 2021 Reviewed 23 January 2022 Accepted 29 January 2022 Published 15 February 2022 ______________________________________________ Cite this article as: Javed D, Anwar S, Pathan S, Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of ayurvedic formulations; Satva and Ghana of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Giloy) against commensals and opportunistic pathogens, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022; 12(1-s):23-28 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1-s.5325 Abstract ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In our classical Ayurvedic texts, it has been described as beneficial in treating various types of diseases. Tinospora cordifolia satva (TCS) and Tinospora cordifolia ghana (TCG) is one of the unique Ayuvedic classical preparations, prepared from aqueous of extract of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia Miers.) stem. These are frequently used medicines for the treatment of Madhumeha, Pandu, Kamala, Amlapitta, Grahani, Kustha, Jirna Jwara and Viswamjwara, Trishna, Shool, Yakritavikara, etc. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of these two dosage forms i.e. TCS and TCG. Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Propionibacterium acnes were used for antimicrobial evaluation and the classical method was used for the testing. The results shows that TCS can be considered as comparatively more potent antimicrobial than that of TCG at lower concentration on studied strains of E. coli, P. acnes. Keywords: Guduchi satva, Guduchi ghana, Giloy, Tinospora cordifolia, anti-microbial activity, commensal pathogens *Address for Correspondence: Dr. Danish Javed, Senior Medical Officer, AYUSH, All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal (M.P.) ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-9949 INTRODUCTION Tinospora cordifolia is a plant also known as Giloy, having heart-shaped leave, a herb of the family Menispermaceae, native of warm regions of the Indian subcontinent. It is the need of hour to show the effectiveness of the drug in a disease by laboratory findings. Antimicrobial studies are the easy tool for assess the potency of Ayurvedic medicines on various pathological organisms. Treatment of bacterial infections is a frequent problem due to the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to many antibiotics [1]. In traditional and folklore, it is commonly used for fever, skin ailments, and infectious disorders. Its safety and nontoxic nature have been reported in experimental and clinical studies on various body systems [4]. Several recent reports explored the potent antimicrobial roles of Guduchi and its various extracts [5-11]. Both Satva and Ghana of Giloy are used in topical herbal preparations for acne management. However, there is no published reports are available so far on comparative antimicrobial profile of Tinospora cordifolia satva (TCS) and Tinospora cordifolia Ghana (TCG). Considering this, the present study was undertaken to evaluate their comparative antimicrobial efficacy. Considering this fact here, we have designed this study to analyze the differential yield of each formulation and anti- bacterial activity against some common commensal and opportunistic organisms present in human body. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plan Collection and Authentication Fresh Giloy or guduchi plant stem spreading over neem tree (Azadirachta indica) was collected from herbal garden of the AIIMS, Bhopal. Plant was identified in AYUSH department from same institute and the plant material was deposited in departmental store for future reference (Reference No.: HERB/AYUSH/AIIMSBPL/2021/01) Stem was separated from other parts like leaves, roots etc. and cleaned under running water. Preparation of Tinospora cordifolia Satva (TCS) and Ghana (TCG) The preparation of TCS and TCG was done as per the methods adopted by Sharma R and Prajapati PK [9, 10]. Firstly the stem of the plant was washed and dried under shade. Stem was properly peeled off its outer covering with the help of knife. Further, the small 8 to 10 cm long pieces were cut by knife. Material was divided into two parts and weighted before further processing. These pieces of both the parts were pounded in mortar and pestle to macerate plant material. Formulation of Tinospora cordifolia Satva (TCS) The above macerated bolus was soaked into six times water soaked stainless steel vessel for whole night (approximately 12 hours). Next morning, the soaked material was manually